Conditional upper bound for the \(k\)-th prime ideal with given Artin symbol (Q2182161)

The celebrated density theorem proved by Chebotarev in 1922 (see [\emph{N. Chebotarev}, Leningrad, Bull. Ac. Sc. (6) 17, 205--230 (1923; JFM 50.0107.02)] and [\textit{P. Stevenhagen} and \textit{H. W. Lenstra jun.}, Math. Intell. 18, No. 2, 26--37 (1996; Zbl 0885.11005)]) says that, for any finite Galois extension of number fields \(K \subseteq L\), the set of Frobenius conjugacy classes is equidistributed with respect to the measure which counts each class proportionally to its size. These Frobenius conjugacy classes are usually denoted by \(\left[ \frac{L/K}{\mathfrak{p}} \right] \subseteq G := \operatorname{Gal}(L/K)\), where \(\mathfrak{p} \subseteq \mathcal{O}_K\) is any prime ideal which does not ramify in \(K \subseteq L\). The paper under review provides an explicit upper bound, holding under the assumption of the validity of the Generalised Riemann Hypothesis, for the absolute norm of the prime ideals whose Artin symbol lies in a given conjugacy class \(C \subseteq G\). Indeed the main theorem of the paper, whose statement appears on page 273, says that for every \(k \geq 0\) the following bound \[ \operatorname{N}_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\mathfrak{p}_{k + 1}) \leq \left( 1.075 \log(\Delta_L) + \sqrt{2 \frac{\lvert G \rvert}{\lvert C \rvert} k \log\left( \frac{\lvert G \rvert}{\lvert C \rvert} k \right)} + 2 \frac{\lvert G \rvert}{\lvert C \rvert} + 15 \right)^2 \] holds conditionally on the validity of the generalised Riemann hypothesis. Here \(\Delta_L\) denotes the absolute discriminant of the number field \(L\) and \(\{ \mathfrak{p}_k \}_{k = 1}^{+\infty}\) denotes the sequence of prime ideals \(\mathfrak{p}_k \subseteq \mathcal{O}_K\) such that \(\left[ \frac{L/K}{\mathfrak{p}} \right] = C\), ordered by their absolute norm \(\operatorname{N}_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\mathfrak{p}_k)\). The authors remark that if \(k = 0\) a sharper bound is proved in Theorem 3.1 of [\textit{E. Bach} and \textit{J. Sorenson}, Math. Comput. 65, No. 216, 1717--1735 (1996; Zbl 0853.11077)] and in Theorem 1.2 of [\textit{Y. Lamzouri} et al., Math. Comput. 84, No. 295, 2391--2412 (2015; Zbl 1326.11058)] under the additional assumption that \(L\) is abelian over \(K = \mathbb{Q}\). In particular, using these results, one can replace the constant \(1.075\) with \(c + o_{\Delta_L \to +\infty}(1)\) for some \(c \leq 1\). Moreover, the main theorem of the paper under review implies that \(\operatorname{N}_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\mathfrak{p}_{k}) \leq (2 + o_{k \to +\infty}(1)) \frac{\lvert G \rvert}{\lvert C \rvert} k \log(k)\), but Landau's prime ideal theorem (see Theorem 8.9 in [\textit{H. L. Montgomery} and \textit{R. C. Vaughan}, Multiplicative number theory. I. Classical theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2007; Zbl 1142.11001)]) shows that this bound can be improved by replacing \(2\) with \(1\). Nonetheless, the beauty and importance of the paper under review lies in the fact that hte authors provide a completely explicit bound for \(\operatorname{N}_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\mathfrak{p}_{k + 1})\), which holds uniformly in every \(k \in \mathbb{N}\). The main technical tools that go into the proof of the inequality described above are contained in the third section of the paper under review, and provide bounds for certain quantities associated to abelian Artin \(L\)-functions. Many of these results are quoted from [\textit{L. Grenié} and \textit{G. Molteni}, J. Number Theory 200, 441--485 (2019; Zbl 1443.11236)], which generalised [\textit{L. Grenié} and \textit{G. Molteni}, Math. Comput. 85, No. 298, 889--906 (2016; Zbl 1402.11136)] by providing a completely explicit upper bound for the error term in Chebotarev's density theorem. Hence the paper under review is strongly tied to the long history of effective versions of the Chebotarev density theorem, which started with [\textit{L. Schoenfeld}, Math. Comput. 30, 337--360 (1976; Zbl 0326.10037)] and [\textit{J. C. Lagarias} and \textit{A. M. Odlyzko}, Algebr. Number Fields, Proc. Symp. London math. Soc., Univ. Durham 1975, 409-464 (1977), Zbl 0362.12011], followed by [\textit{J. Oesterlé}, Astérisque 61, 165-167 (1979), Zbl 0418.12005] and [\textit{B. Winckler}, arXiv:1311.5715], among many others.