Hilbert modular polynomials (Q2182178)

This paper proposes a generalization of the classical \(l\)-modular polynomial for elliptic curves, the \textit{set of Hilbert modular polynomials}, for principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension \(g\)\, with maximal real multiplication for a totally real field \(K_0\). It also provides an algorithm to compute them. The \(l\)-modular polynomial for elliptic curves parametrises \(l\)-isogenies. Analogously the set of Hilbert modular polynomials are related with isogenies of cyclic kernel, the \(\mu\)-isogenies (Definition 2.2), with \(\mu\in K_0\) a totally positive prime. Section 1 gives an summary of the proposal and states the main result (Theorem 1.5, proved in Section 6), concerning the existence of Hilbert modular polynomials. Section 2 summarizes the notions of maximal real multiplication and Hilbert modular forms. Section 3 studies the existence of RM isomorphism invariants (Proposition 3.1). Section 4 gives an \textit{if and only if} condition for the existence of a \(\mu\)-isogeny (Proposition 4.5). Section 5 considers the computation of RM isomorphism invariants in the case \(g=2\). Section 6 gives an algorithm to compute a set of Hilbert polynomials (Algorithm 6.3) and provides the proof of Theorem 1.5. In the case of surfaces (\(g=2\)) Section 7 presents improvements of the algorithm (Algorithm 7.8) and details of an implementation in MAGMA for \(K_0= Q(\sqrt 5)\) and \(K_0= Q(\sqrt 2)\). Finally Section 8 shows three possible applications: point counting for curves of genus two with maximal real multiplication, see [\textit{S. Ballentine} et al., Assoc. Women Math. Ser. 9, 63--94 (2017; Zbl 1414.11076)], walking on isogeny graphs for genus 2 curves, see [\textit{A. Dudeanu} et al., ``Cyclic isogenies for abelian varieties with real multiplication'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1710.05147}] and finally computing Hilbert class polynomials to genus 2, generalizing a method of \textit{A. V. Sutherland} [Math. Comput. 80, No. 273, 501--538 (2011; Zbl 1231.11144)].