Bielliptic modular curves \(X_0^\ast(N)\) (Q2186050)

\(X\) is called hyperelliptic over \(K\), if there is an involution \(w\) defined over \(K\) such that the quotient curve has genus zero and \(K\)-rational points, and bielliptic over \(K\), if there exists an involution \(u\) whose quotient curve \(E\) has genus one, such that \(E\) is an elliptic curve over \(K\) and its \(K\)-rank is at least one. For a finite extension \(L\) of \(K\), the set of points of \(X\) defined over \(L\), \(X(L)\), is finite. Furthermore, the set \(\Gamma_2 (X, K) = \cup_{[L:K]\geq 2} X(L)\) is infinite if, and only if, \(X\) is hyperelliptic or bielliptic over \(K\). The paper under review deals with the modular curves \(X^*_0(N)\) defined as the quotient of the modular curve \(X_0(N)\) by the group of all Atkin-Lehner involutions. In [\textit{Y. Hasegawa}, Acta Arith. 81, No. 4, 369--385 (1997; Zbl 0886.11024)] is shown that \(X_0^*(N)\) is hyperelliptic for sixty-four values of \(N\). In [the first author and \textit{J. G. Rovira}, Math. Comput. 88, No. 320, 2939--2957 (2019; Zbl 1471.11193)], the case where \(N\) is square-free and the genus of \(X_0^*(N)\) is \(\geq 2\) is studied. More precisely, the values of \(N\) for which \(X_0^*(N)\) is bielliptic, and the values of \(N\) for which the set \(\Gamma_2(X_0^*(N), Q)\) is infinite are determined. In this paper, the case where \(N\) is not square-free and the genus of \(X_0^*(N)\) is \(\geq 2\) is studied. The values of \(N\) for which \(X_0^*(N)\) is bielliptic and the values of \(N\) for which the set \(\Gamma_2(X_0^*(N), Q)\) is infinite are found. The proof combines the procedure used in case where \(N\) is square-free with the decomposition of the Jacobian of \(X_0(N)\) over \(Q \), and over \(\bar{Q}\), the number field where the involutions are defined and the action of these involutions on the Jacobian of the curve.