All fat point subschemes in \(\mathbb{P}^2\) with the Waldschmidt constant less than 5/2 (Q2186289)

Let \(\mathcal{P} = \{P_{1},\dots, P_{s}\} \subset \mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{K}}\) be a finte set of points and denote by \(I = m_{1}P_{1} + \dots +m_{s}P_{s}\) the associated fat point scheme, where \(\mathbb{K}\) is an algebraically closed field of charcteristic \(0\). For a homogeneous ideal \(I\) we define the initial degree \(\alpha(I)\) to be the least integer \(t\) such that \(I_{t} \neq 0\). The Waldschmidt constant of \(I\) is defined as \[ \widehat{\alpha}(I) = \lim_{m \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\alpha(I^{(m)})}{m}, \] where \(I^{(m)}\) is the \(m\)-th symbolic power of \(I\). In the present paper the authors provide a complete classification of fat point schemes of the form \(I = m_{1}P_{1} +\dots+ m_{s}P_{s}\) for which the Waldschmidt constant \(\widehat{\alpha}(I)\) is strictly less than \(\frac{5}{2}\). Let us define the following fat subschemes: i) \(Z\) which consists of three simple points, plus one double point, such that the simple points lie on a line \(L_1\) and the double point lies on another line \(L_2\). Formally, we denote it as \(Z = 2q + p_1 + p_2 + p_3\). ii) \(W\) which consists of \(r+s\) simple points, plus one double point, where \(r,s \geq 1\), such that \(r\) simple points out of them lie on a line \(L_1\), and \(s\) simple points out of them lie on another line \(L_2\), and the single double point lies at the intersection of these two lines. We denote it as \(W = 2q +q_1 + q_2 +\cdots+ q_s + p_1 + p_2 +\cdots+ p_r\). iii) \(T\) which consists of \(r\) double points, plus \(s\) simple points, where \(r \geq 1\) and \(s \geq 0\), such that all of these points are contained in a single line. We denote it as \(T = 2p_1 +\cdots+ 2p_r + q_1 + q_2 +\cdots+ q_s\). Main Theorem. Let \(\mathcal{A}\) be a fat point subscheme of \(\mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{K}}\) with defining ideal \(I\), then \(\widehat{\alpha}(I) < \frac{5}{2}\) if and only if \(\mathcal{A}\) is one of the fat point subschemes \(Z\), \(W\), or \(T\).