Expansions of real closed fields that introduce no new smooth functions (Q2187264)

This paper gives sufficient conditions for an expansion of an ordered real closed field \(\mathcal R=\langle R, <, +, \cdot\rangle\) having no definable smooth functions with open semialgebraic domains other than smooth semialgebraic functions (i.e. Nash functions). The sufficient conditions are: (i) For every definable set \(X \subseteq R^n\), there exist a semialgebraic family \(\{Y_t\}_{t \in R^m}\) of sfubsets of \(R^n\) and a definable subset \(S \subseteq R^m\) of dimension zero such that \(X=\bigcup_{t \in S} Y_t\); (ii) For every definable set \(X \subseteq R^n\), there exists a semialgebraic cell \(Y\) such that, \(Y \subseteq X\), \(\dim Y=\dim X\), and, for any \(y \in Y\), we have \(y \in B \cap X \subseteq Y\) for some open box \(B\). The set \(Y\) is called a semialgebraic chunk of \(X\) in the paper; (iii) For every semialgebraic family \(\{X_t\}_{t \in R^m}\) of subsets of \(R^n\) and a definable subset \(S \subset R^m\) of dimension zero, we have \(\dim \left(\bigcup_{t \in S} X_t\right)=\max_{t \in S}\dim X_t\). The conditions (i) through (iii) are satisfied by the d-minimal expansions \(\langle \overline{\mathbb R}, P\rangle\) of the ordered real field \(\overline{\mathbb R} =\langle \mathbb R, <, +, \cdot\rangle\) by \(P=2^{\mathbb Z}\), or an iteration sequence \(P \subset \mathbb R\). This result can be easily extended to expansions of ordered real closed fields whose open cores satisfy the conditions (i) through (iii). The above assertion is proved essentially using the fact that the Zariski closure of a semialgebraically connected Nash submanifold is an irreducible algebraic set, which is known in real algebraic geometry. A similar assertion does not hold in a different setting. For instance, the expansion \(\langle \mathbb R_{\text{an}},e^{2\pi\mathbb Z}\rangle\) of the restricted real field \(\mathbb R_{\text{an}}\) has a definable smooth function not definable in \(\mathbb R_{\text{an}}\) though it satisfies the conditions similar to (i) through (iii).