Reduced forms of linear differential systems and the intrinsic Galois-Lie algebra of Katz (Q2190680)

The paper is devoted to the direct problem of differential Galois theory. It generalizes the results of a previous paper with the participation of one of the authors [\textit{A. Aparicio-Monforte} et al., J. Pure Appl. Algebra 217, No. 8, 1504--1516 (2013; Zbl 1272.12016)]. Calculation of the Galois group \(G\) of a differential equation (1) \(\delta\text{Y=AY,}\) where \(A\in M_{F}(n)\), over some differential field \(F\) of characteristic zero with an algebraically closed field of constants, is a nontrivial problem. In some cases, for example, when the \(G\) is a connected algebraic group and the cohomology set \(H^{1}(F,G)\) is trivial, by a linear transformation \(Y\longmapsto PY\:(P\in \mathrm{GL}_{F}(n))\) system (1) can be reduced to the form \(Y=BY,\) where \(B\in \mathrm{Lie}_{F}(G))\). Using the matrix \(B\) of the reduced form of equation (1), one can calculate the Lie algebra of the group \(G\), which contains important information about the structure of the group \(G\). In the paper, a number of results are obtained regarding the reduction of systems of the form (1) to the reduced form. In particular, it is shown that the system (1) is ``in reduced form if and only if any differential module in a construction admits a constant basis''.