Planck-scale number of nodal domains for toral eigenfunctions (Q2192340)

Let \(E\) be an eigenvalue of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on \((M,g)\), a compact Riemannian surface, such that \(f_E\) its an associated eigenfunction. Let \(Z(f_E)=f_E^{-1}(\{0\})\) be the nodal set of \(f_E\) and the connected components of the complement of \(Z(f_E)\) take the name of nodal domains and their cardinal is denoted by \(\mathcal{N}(f_E)\). A density subset \(S_1\subset S=\{E\in\mathbb N:E=a^2+b^2,\text{ for some }(a,b)\in\mathbb Z^2\}\) means that \(\displaystyle\lim_{X\to\infty}\left[\frac{\#\{E\le X:E\in S_1\}}{\#\{E\le X:E\in S\}}\right]=1\). Let \(\mathcal{N}_{f_E}(s,z)\) be the number of nodal domains pertaining inside the geodesic ball of radius \(s\) around the point \(z\in M\) and we denote by \(C_{NS}(\mu_{f_E})\), the Nazarov-Sodin constant relative to an explicit measure \(\mu_{f_E}\). Then, the author states that there is a density one subset \(S_1\subset S\) such that for all \(\varepsilon>0\), we have \(\mathcal{N}_{f_E}=C_{NS}(\mu_{f_E})\pi s^2E(1+o_{E\to\infty}(1))\) uniformly for \(f_E\) flat, \(s>E^{-1/2+\varepsilon}\) and \(z\in\mathbb T^2\).