Pollicott-Ruelle resonant states and Betti numbers (Q2192715)

Pollicott-Ruelle resonances were introduced in the mid 1980's. The original intent was to use them to study mixing properties of hyperbolic flows. They are understood now to be the discrete spectrum of the generating vector field. Recently it has been discovered that Pollicott-Ruelle resonances also have a topological meaning under certain circumstances. In this paper the authors attempt to broaden prior results on the topological characteristics of Pollicott-Ruelle resonant states. Their aim is to combine components of prior approaches, beginning with the use of a quantum-classical correspondence to find new examples with topological multiplicities. One of the authors' results is the following: if \(\mathcal M\) is a closed hyperbolic manifold of dimension not equal to 3, then the multiplicity of the resonance zero of the Lie derivative along the geodesic vector field on the co-sphere bundle \(S^* \mathcal M\) acting on perpendicular 1-forms is precisely the first Betti number of \(\mathcal M\). The authors also establish that this equality is stable under small perturbations -- of the Riemannian metric and simultaneously of the geodesic vector field within its class of contact vector fields. The authors also determine that the resonance zero has no Jordan block. For \(n \ge 3\), zero is the unique leading resonance and there is a spectral gap. They also prove some more general results for more general perturbations; they establish bounds on the multiplicity of the resonance zero in terms of the zeroth and first Betti numbers for all one-forms. Very little background in this rather specialized area is provided within the paper. Instead the authors rely on a collection of references to prior work for much of the prerequisite material.