Singular Neumann \((p, q)\)-equations (Q2194072)

The authors study a parametric singular Neumann \((p,q)\)-problem given in the form \[ \begin{cases} -\Delta_pu(z)-\Delta_qu(z)+\xi(z)u(z)^{p-1}=\lambda u(z)^{-\gamma}+f(z,u(z)) &\text{in }\Omega,\\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial n}=0 \quad \text{on }\partial \Omega,\quad u>0, \end{cases} \] where \(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^N\) is a bounded domain with a \(C^2\)-boundary \(\partial\Omega\), \(1<q<p<+\infty\), \(\Delta_r\) for \(r \in (1,+\infty)\) denotes the \(r\)-Laplacian, \(\xi \in L^\infty(\Omega)\) with \(\xi(z) \geq 0\) for a.\,a.\,\(z\in\Omega\), \(0<\gamma<1\) and \(f\colon\Omega \times\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}\) is a Carathéodory function for which \(f(z,\cdot)\) exhibits \((p-1)\)-linear growth near \(+\infty\) and it can be resonant with respect to the principal eigenvalue \(\hat{\lambda}_1>0\) of the differential operator \(u \to -\Delta_p u+\xi(z) u^{p-1}\) with Neumann boundary condition. This means, the reaction of the problem under consideration exhibits the competing effects of singular and resonant terms. By applying variational methods together with suitable truncation and comparison techniques, the authors prove the existence of at least two positive smooth solutions provided the parameter \(\lambda>0\) is sufficiently small.