Arithmetic actions on cyclotomic function fields (Q2196341)

Let \({\mathbb F}_q\) be the finite field of \(q\) elements and \(d\) a positive integer. Let \({\mathbb F}_{q^d}(T)\) be the extension of constants of degree \(d\) of \({\mathbb F}_q(T)\). Let \(C_{q^d}(T)(u):=Tu+u^{q^d}\), for \(u\in\overline{{\mathbb F}_{q^d}(T)}\), be the Carlitz action. Denote by \(C_{q^d}[M]\) the \(M\)-torsion for \(M\in{\mathbb F}_{q^d}[T]\). Let \(K_{q^d,M}={\mathbb F}_{q^d}(T)(C_{q^d}[M])\) be the \(M\)-cyclotomic function field over \({\mathbb F}_{q^d}\). In what follows, it is considered \(M\in{\mathbb F}_q[T]\) such that \(M\) splits completely over \({\mathbb F}_{q^d}[T]\). The first main result is that \(K_{q,M}\subseteq K_{q^d,M}\). The main tool in the proof is the use of Bauer's theorem that establishes that for any global field \(K\) and two finite Galois extensions \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) of \(K\), we have \(L_2\subseteq L_1\) if and only if \(S(L_1/K)\subseteq S(L_2/K)\) where \(S(L_i/K)\) denote the set of places of \(K\) which split completely in \(L_i\). Next, the authors study \(H_{q^d,M}:={\mathrm{Gal}}(K_{q^d,M}/{\mathbb F}_{q^d}K_{q,M})\) in Section 2. The group \({\mathrm{Gal}}(K_{q^d,M}/{\mathbb F}_{q^d}(T))\) is naturally a \({\mathrm{Gal}}({\mathbb F}_{q^d}/{\mathbb F}_q)=\langle \sigma\rangle\)-module and it is shown that \(H_{q^d,M}=(\sigma-1) {\mathrm{Gal}}(K_{q^d,M}/{\mathbb F}_{q^d}(T))\). In Section 3, the authors give an explicit generation of the tame part of \(H_{q^d,M}\) and in Section 4 they describe the wild component of \(H_{q^d,M}\), including the higher ramification groups and the different. Section 6 is devoted to describe the Galois module structure of the differentials of \(K_{q,M}\). The space of holomorphic differentials \(H^0(X,\Omega_X)\) was computed by the second author in [\textit{K. A. Ward}, Finite Fields Appl. 44, 34--55 (2017; Zbl 1359.14034)] for a curve \(X\) corresponding to \(K_{q^d,M}\) for \(d\) big enough so that \(M\) splits completely in \({\mathbb F}_{q^d}\). To compute \(H^0(Y,\Omega_Y)\) for the curve \(Y\) corresponding to \(K_{q,M}\), where \(M\) does not split in \({\mathbb F}_q(T)\), it is considered the Galois cover \(X\longrightarrow Y\) with Galois group \(H=H_{q,M}\) and reduced holomorphic differentials of \(X\) to holomorphic differentials of \(Y\). It is shown that \(H^0(Y,\Omega_Y)\subseteq L_Y(\Omega(D))=H^0(X,\Omega_X)^H\), where \(L_Y(\Omega(D))\) is a space of differentials with poles on a certain divisor \(D\). The second author showed [loc. cit.] that holomorphic differentials on certain curves \(X\) are given by generators \(\lambda_{i,k}\) of the Carlitz torsion modules \(C_{q^d}[P_i^k]\), where \(M=\prod_{i=1}^r P_i^{n_i}\). The last main result is that the ring of invariants for the algebra of Carlitz generators is not polynomial.