Better bounds on the numerical radii of Hilbert space operators (Q2197208)

Given a complex Hilbert space \(H\) and a bounded linear operator \(A:H\rightarrow H\), the numerical radius of \(A\) is defined by \[ \omega(A)=\sup\{|\langle Ax,x\rangle|:x\in H,\,\|x\|=1\}. \] The authors prove the following inequalities \[ \frac{1}{4}\|A^*A+AA^*\|\leq \frac{1}{2}\omega^2(A)+\frac{1}{8}\|(A+A^*)(A-A^*)\|\leq\omega^2(A), \] where \(A^*\) denotes the adjoint of \(A\). This result improves the known inequality \(\|A^*A+AA^*\|\leq 4\omega^2(A)\), which was obtained by \textit{F. Kittaneh} [Stud. Math. 168, No. 1, 73--80 (2005; Zbl 1072.47004)]. Some refinements of other known inequalities for the numerical radius are also presented.