Boundary layer phenomenon for a first order descriptor equation with small parameter on the right-hand side (Q2199058)

This paper studies the bifurcation equation in a Banach space \(E\) \[A\frac{dx}{dt}=(B+\epsilon C)x(t,\epsilon)\text{ for } t\in [0,T], \epsilon\in (0,\epsilon_0),\] with \(A, B, C\) are closed operators acting in \(E\) and \(A\) possesses the \(0\)-NEV-property (i.e., \(0\) is a normal eigenvalue of \(A\)) to determine the form of boundary layer function \[x(t,\epsilon)=e^{t/\lambda}v(\epsilon)\] where \(\lambda=\lambda(\epsilon)\) is sufficiently small in modulus as \(\epsilon\to 0.\) The author provides an example (the Leontief dynamic gross output model) to illustrate the obtained result in the case where \(E=\mathbb{R}^3\) in which \(\lambda=\lambda(\epsilon)\) is calculated explicitly. In the space \(\mathbb{R}^3\), he considers the linear differential equation under the form \[ A\frac{dx}{dt}=(B+\varepsilon C)x(t,\varepsilon) \] with the initial condition \(x(0,\varepsilon)=x^0(\varepsilon)\) where \(x^0(\varepsilon)\) is a holomorphic function in a neighbirhood of \(\varepsilon=0\). Assume that \(\dim\ker A=2\), eigenvalues in \(\ker A\) haven't adjoint elements and \(A-\lambda B\) is invertible for all sufficiently small \(\lambda\ne0\). Then the sufficient conditions for the prepesentation \(x(t,\varepsilon)=e^{t/\lambda}v(\epsilon)\) of the solution are given.