A note on generalized Fujii-Wilson conditions and BMO spaces (Q2200050)

The authors consider certain variations of BMO spaces where the Lebesgue measure is replaced by a weight and the average is replaced by the action of certain functionals defined over families of cubes, namely, given a non-negative locally integrable function \(v\) defined in \(\mathbb R^n\) and a functional \(Y:\mathcal Q\to (0,\infty)\) defined over the family of cubes with sides parallel to the axes they define BMO\(_{v,Y}\) as those locally integrable functions such that \[\sup_Q \frac{1}{Y(Q)}\int_Q \left|f-\frac{1}{|Q|}\int_Q f\right|v<\infty.\] Their study is motivated by the case \(Y(Q)=v(Q)\) for which it was shown by \textit{B. Muckenhoupt} and \textit{R. L. Wheeden} [Stud. Math. 54, 221--237 (1976; Zbl 0318.26014)] that, for \(v\in A_\infty\), the space BMO\(_{v,Y}\) coincides with the classical BMO introduced by John and Nirenberg. A~quantitative version of this result was analyzed by \textit{T. Hytönen} and \textit{C. Pérez} [Anal. PDE 6, No. 4, 777--818 (2013; Zbl 1283.42032)] who showed that the inclusion \(\text{BMO}\subset\text{BMO}_{w,w}\) has norm at most \(c_n [w]_{A_\infty}\) with \([w]_{A_\infty}\) standing for the so-called Fujii-Wilson constant defined by \[\sup_Q \frac{1}{w(Q)}\int_Q M(w\chi_Q),\] where \(M(f)\) denotes the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function. One of the results in the paper under review shows that actually the norm of the inclusion is equivalent to the Fujii-Wilson constant. In fact, the authors present the result for the more general setting in which they introduce the constant \[[v]_{A_\infty,Y}:=\sup_Q \frac{1}{Y(Q)}\int_Q M(v\chi_Q).\] Some particular examples of functionals \(Y\) are shown to be relevant in different settings and, in particular, motivated by the example \[Y(Q)=|Q|\left(\frac{1}{|Q|}\int_Q w^r\right)^{1/r},\] they consider special classes of functionals satisfying that there exists \(c>0\) such that \[\sum_{P\in \Lambda}Y(P)\le c \frac{Y(Q)}{L^{1/q}}\] for any family \(\Lambda\) of pairwise disjoint cubes contained in \(Q\) such that \[\sum_{P\in \Lambda} |P|\le \frac{|Q|}{L}.\] Under such an assumption on the functional \(Y\) and \(w(Q)\le Y(Q)\) for any \(Q\), they manage to show that \[\left(\frac{1}{Y(Q)}\int_Q |f- f_Q|^pw\right)^{1/p}\] can be estimated by a constant times \(\|f\|_{\text{BMO}}\). They present two proofs, one using ideas from John-Nirenberg's lemma and another one using the sparse approach, which gives better estimates. The paper contains some applications for concrete choices of the functional \(Y\), leading to results about the weak \(A_\infty\)-class and the \(C_p\)-class.