Riesz means in Hardy spaces on Dirichlet groups (Q2200760)

In a recent series of papers the authors have developed a theory of Hardy spaces of general Dirichlet series, closely connected with harmonic analysis on groups. Given a frequency \(\lambda = (\lambda_{n})_{n}\) (i.e., strictly increasing and unbounded), they introduced in [\textit{A. Defant} and \textit{I. Schoolmann}, J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 25, No. 6, 3220--3258 (2019; Zbl 1429.43004)] the notion of \(\lambda\)-Dirichlet group (which defines a family of characters \((h_{\lambda_{n}})_{n}\)). For such a group \(G\), they also defined the Hardy space \(H_{p}^{\lambda}(G)\) for \(1 \leq p \leq \infty\). Here they deal with the convergence of the Riesz means for functions in these spaces. Given \(f \in H_{1}^{\lambda}(G)\), the first \((\lambda,k)\)-Riesz sum of length \(x >0\) is defined as \[ R^{\lambda,k}_{x}(f) = \sum_{\lambda_{n}<x} \hat{f}(h_{\lambda_{n}}) \Big( 1 - \frac{\lambda_{n}}{x} \Big)^{k} h_{\lambda_{n}} \,. \] The main result of the paper shows that, for every \(k>0\), the expression \[ R^{\lambda,k}_{\max}(f) (\omega) = \sup_{x >0} \big\vert R^{\lambda,k}_{x}(f) (\omega) \big\vert \,, \] for \(f \in H_{1}^{\lambda}(G)\) and \(\omega \in G\), defines a bounded sublinear operator \[ R^{\lambda,k}_{\max} : H_{1}^{\lambda}(G) \to L_{1,\infty}(G) \] and \[ R^{\lambda,k}_{\max} : H_{p}^{\lambda}(G) \to L_{p}(G) \text{ for } 1 < p \leq \infty . \] As a consequence, \(R^{\lambda,k}_{x}(f)(\omega)\) converges (in \(x\)) to \(f(\omega)\) for almost every \(\omega\). When horizontal translations are considered, the situation improves. It is shown that for \(u,k > 0\), there exists a constant \(C=C(u,k)\) so that for every frequency \(\lambda\), all \(1 \leq p \leq \infty\) and \(f \in H_{p}(G)^{\lambda}\) we have \[ \bigg( \int_{G} \sup_{x >0} \Big\vert \sum_{\lambda_{n} < x} \hat{f} (h_{\lambda_{n}}) e^{-u\lambda_{n}} \Big( 1 - \frac{\lambda_{n}}{x} \Big)^{k} h_{\lambda_{n}} (\omega) \Big\vert^{p} d \omega \bigg)^{1/p} \leq C \Vert f \Vert_{p} \,. \] Note that in this case the inequality holds even for \(p=1\), and that the constant does not depend on \(p\). One of the main tools to prove the main result is a maximal Hardy-Littlewood operator, adapted to this setting. If \((G, \beta)\) is a Dirichlet group and \(f \in L_{1}(G)\), then for almost every \(\omega \in G\) the function defined by \(f_{\omega}(t) = f(\omega \beta(t))\) is locally integrable on \(\mathbb{R}\). It is proved that the adapted Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator, given by \[ \overline{M}(f) (\omega) = \sup_{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{2}{I \subset \mathbb{R}}{\text{interval}}} \frac{1}{\vert I \vert} \int_{I} \vert f_{\omega} (t) \vert dt \] defines a sublinear bounded operator \(\overline{M}: L_{1}(G) \to L_{1,\infty}(G)\) and \(\overline{M}: L_{p}(G) \to L_{p}(G)\) for \(1 < p \leq \infty\). It is known that, for \(1 < p < \infty\) and any frequency \(\lambda\), the sequence \((h_{\lambda_{n}})\) is a Schauder basis of \(H_{p}^{\lambda}(G)\) and, therefore the Riesz means of any function \(f\) converge (in norm) to \(f\). Here it is proved that this is also the case for \(p=1\), that is \[ \lim_{x \to \infty} \big\Vert R^{\lambda, k}_{x}(f) - f \Vert_{1} =0 \] for every \(k>0\) and every \(f \in H_{1}^{\lambda}(G)\). Applications of all these are given to general Dirichlet series and to almost periodic functions.