The Hilbert scheme of hyperelliptic Jacobians and moduli of Picard sheaves (Q2201802)

Let \(C\) be a smooth projective curve of genus \(g \geq 3\) with Jacobian \(J = \text{Pic}^0 C\) and \(\alpha: C \hookrightarrow J\) an Abel-Jacobi map. The image of \(\alpha\) gives a corresponding point in \(\text{Hilb}_J\) which lies on a unique irreducible component \(\text{Hilb}_{C,J} \subset \text{Hilb}_J\). [\textit{H. Lange} and \textit{E. Sernesi}, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 183, No. 3, 375--386 (2004; Zbl 1204.14012)]; see also [\textit{P. A. Griffiths}, J. Math. Mech. 16, 789--802 (1967; Zbl 0188.39302)] proved that if \(C\) is nonhyperelliptic, then \(\text{Hilb}_{C/J}\) is smooth of dimension \(g\), while if \(C\) is hyperelliptic, then \(\text{Hilb}_{C/J}\) is irreducible of dimension \(g\) and everywhere nonreduced with Zariski tangent space of dimension \(2g-2\): in both cases, the only deformations of \(C\) in \(J\) are by translation. In the hyperelliptic case, the author clarifies the non-reduced scheme structure by proving that \(\text{Hilb}_{C/J} \cong J \times R_g\) where \(R_g = \text{Spec}[s_1,\dots,s_{g-2}]/\mathfrak m^2\) and \(\mathfrak m = (s_1, \dots, s_{g-2})\) is the maximal ideal. He uses this result to describe the scheme theoretic fibers of the Torelli morphism \(\tau_g: \mathcal M_g \to \mathcal A_g\) along the non-hyperelliptic locus, where \(\mathcal M_g\) is the moduli stack of genus \(g\) curves and \(\mathcal A_g\) is the moduli stack of principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension \(g\). There is an application to the moduli space of Picard sheaves on the Jacobian. Fix a smooth curve \(C\) of genus \(g \geq 2\) with Jacobian \(J\) and dual \(\hat J\). For \(p \in C\) and \(1 \leq d \leq g-1\), view the line bundle \(\xi = {\mathcal O}_C (dp)\) as a sheaf on \(\hat J\) by first pushing it forward along an Abel-Jacobi map \(\alpha: C \hookrightarrow J\) and then using the identification of \(J\) with \(\hat J\): applying his Fourier transform to this sheaf on \(\hat J\), \textit{Mukai} constructs an associated \textit{Picard sheaf} \(F\) on \(J\). Letting \(M(F)\) be the connected component containing \(F\) in the moduli space \(\text{Spl}_J\) of simple coherent sheaves on \(J\), \textit{Mukai} proves that if \(g=2\) or \(C\) is non-hyperelliptic, then the natural morphism \(\hat J \times J \to M(F)\) is an isomorphism [\textit{S. Mukai}, Nagoya Math. J. 81, 153--175 (1981; Zbl 0417.14036)] and when \(C\) is hyperelliptic it is an isomorphism onto \(M(F)_{\text{red}}\) [\textit{S. Mukai}, Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 10, 515--550 (1987; Zbl 0672.14025)]. Analogous to the main theorem, the author describes the non-reduced scheme structure by proving that \(M(F) \cong \hat J \times J \times R_g\).