Mathematical immunology: from phenomenological to multiphysics modelling (Q2202501)

This article is a review of the conceptual and mathematical foundation of modelling in immunology formulated by \textit{G. I. Marchuk} [Mathematical modelling of immune response in infectious diseases. Transl. from Russian by G. Kontarev a. I. Sidorov. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers (1997; Zbl 0876.92015)], based on a system of delay-differential equations. The functioning of the immune system is based on the interaction of physical- (transport of cells and molecules), biochemical- (intracellular fate control), and biological (intercellular interaction dynamics) processes at various levels of regulation. The authors refer to this complex phenomena as multiphysics of the immune response. In this context they present the current development of multiscale multiphysics integrative models of the immune system. They describe: an algorithm of generation of lymph node blood vessels network, the system of equations for the lymphocyte migration, the reaction-diffusion dynamics of molecular and virion fields and give an idea about the model of intracellular cell fate regulation.