On grand Sobolev spaces and pointwise description of Banach function spaces (Q2208219)

Let \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n\) be an open set and \(X(\Omega)\subset L_{\mathrm{loc}}^1(\Omega)\) be a Banach space with a norm \({\|\cdot\|_{X(\Omega)}}\). The homogeneous Sobolev space \(L^1X(\Omega)\) the Sobolev space \(W^1X(\Omega)\) are the spaces of weakly differentiable functions \(f\) with \(\nabla f\in X(\Omega)\) and \(f,\nabla f\in X(\Omega)\), respectively. Recall that \(X(\Omega)\) has the lattice property if for every \(f,g\in X(\Omega)\) such that \(|f|\le|g|\) a.e. one has \(\|f\|_{X(\Omega)}\le\|g\|_{X(\Omega)}\). The main result of the paper is the following. Theorem. Let \(\Omega\subset L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\) be a domain and \(X(\Omega)\subset L_{\mathrm{loc}}^1 (\Omega)\) be a Banach space with the lattice property such that the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is bounded on \(X(\Omega)\). Then \(f\in W^1X(\Omega)\) if and only if \(f\in X(\Omega)\) and there exists a non-negative function \(g\in X(\Omega)\) such that \(|f(x)-f(y)|\le|x-y|(g(x)+g(y))\) for all \(x,y\in\Omega\setminus S\) with \(B(x,3|x-y|)\subset\Omega\), where \(S\) is a set of measure zero. A similar characterization is given for \(L^1X(\Omega)\). Corollaries for rearrangement-invariant spaces and weighted grand Lebesgue spaces are obtained.