Duality for complexes of tori over a global field of positive characteristic (Q2208625)

Let \(K\) be a global function field, i.e., the function field of a smooth, projective, geometrically connected curve \(X\) over a finite field \(k\). Denote by \(X^{(1)}\) the closed points of \(X\). Consider a complex of \(K\)-tori \(C=[T_1\to T_2]\) with \(T_1\) and \(T_2\) being in degrees \(-1\) and \(0\), respectively. The main results of the paper are so-called Poitou-Tate exact sequences involving \(C\) and its \(\mathbb{G}_m\)-dual \(\widehat{C}=[\widehat{T}_2\to \widehat{T}_1]\) (\(\widehat{T}_2\) is in degree \(-1\)), which give information about the kernel and cokernel of \(H^i(K,C)\to \prod'_{v\in X^{(1)}}H^i(K_v,C)\). Here, \(H^i\) means Galois hypercohomology, and the restricted product \(\prod'_{v}H^i(K_v,-)\) is taken with respect to the unramified cohomology \(H^i_{\mathrm{nr}}(K_v,-)\). For example, the authors show (Theorem 5.10) that there is an exact sequence \[ \begin{array}{lllllllll} 0 & \to & H^{-1}(K,C)_{\wedge} & \to & [\prod'_{v\in X^{(1)}} H^{-1}(K_v,C)]_\wedge & \to & H^2(K,\widehat{C})^* \\ & \to & H^{0}(K,C)_{\wedge} & \to & [\prod'_{v\in X^{(1)}} H^{0}(K_v,C)]_\wedge & \to & H^1(K,\widehat{C})^* \\ & \to & H^{1}(K,C) & \to & \bigoplus_{v\in X^{(1)}} H^{1}(K_v,C) & \to & H^0(K,\widehat{C})^* \\ & \to & H^{2}(K,C) & \to & \bigoplus_{v\in X^{(1)}} H^{2}(K_v,C) & \to & H^{-1}(K,\widehat{C})^* & \to & 0, \end{array} \] where, for an abelian group \(A\), the dual \(A^*\) is \(\mathrm{Hom}(A,\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z})\), and \(A_\wedge \) is the inverse limit of \(\{A/nA\}_{0\neq n\in\mathbb{N}}\). A variant of this exact sequence not involving completions also holds (Theorem 5.7). Similar statements hold with \(C\) and \(\widehat{C}\) replaced (Theorem 5.8, Remark 5.12). The authors also establish duality theorems for complexes of \(U\)-tori \(\mathscr{C} = [\mathscr{T}_1\to\mathscr{T}_2]\) with \(U\) an open nonempty subscheme of \(X\). For example, they show (Theorem 4.9(a)) that for \(i=-1,0\), there is a \(\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}\)-valued pairing inducing a perfect duality between \(H^i(U,\mathscr{C})_\wedge\) and \(H^{2-i}_c(U,\widehat{\mathscr{C}})\). This extends famous duality results for single tori in the function field case. The work also complements the first author's work [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2011, No. 1, 135--174 (2011; Zbl 1213.14079)], which proves the main results in the number field case. The latter was applied in [\textit{C. Demarche}, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 102, No. 3, 563--597 (2011; Zbl 1216.11047)] to describe the defect of strong approximation in (connected) reductive groups over number fields, and the obstruction to rational points on principal homogeneous spaces of such groups. The authors plan to apply their main results to get similar results over function fields.