On first order deformations of homogeneous foliations (Q2208972)

The authors study first-order deformations of holomorphic foliations on \(\mathbb{C}^n\) given by homogeneous polynomial integrable one-forms. They focus on the following three cases: (a) foliations of logarithmic type, (b) foliations of rational type, and (c) foliations induced by the level hypersurfaces of a homogeneous polynomial. In particular, they prove that an integrable differential form lying on each of these families satisfies a sort of stability condition among all the affine homogeneous integrable one-forms of the same degree. In the last decades, the geometric problem of studying deformations of singular foliations has played a central role in foliation theory. The analysis of integrable differential forms that are stable under deformations on different complex algebraic varieties has been deeply developed. One important problem is to classify all possible stable families of codimension-one singular foliations on a classical projective space. These foliations can be described by homogeneous differential forms in the corresponding affine cone satisfying integrability conditions and a sort of descent condition to ensure their leaves are invariant under the action of the torus \(\mathbb{C}^*\). Stability results and first-order deformations for rational and logarithmic foliations on a projective space were described in [\textit{X. Gómez-Mont} and \textit{A. Lins Neto}, Topology 30, No. 3, 315--334 (1991; Zbl 0735.57014); \textit{O. Calvo-Andrade}, Math. Ann. 299, No. 4, 751--767 (1994; Zbl 0811.58006); \textit{F. Cukierman} et al., Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Math. (6) 18, No. 4, 685--715 (2009; Zbl 1208.32029); Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 371, No. 9, 6289--6308 (2019; Zbl 1444.37041)]. In this regard, the article under review deals with the problem of obtaining the same results without assuming that the differential forms and their first-order deformations satisfy the descent condition to the corresponding projective space. The rough idea of the proof is to apply a projectivization process described in Section 6. Let \(\omega\) be an integrable homogeneous differential one-form in \(n+1\) complex variables and \(\eta\) another homogeneous form of the same degree. Denote by \(\tilde{\omega}\) and \(\tilde{\eta}\) the corresponding projectivizations. In Lemma 6.1 and Remark 6.2 they show that \(\eta\) defines a first-order deformation of \(\omega\), that is \[ \omega \wedge d\eta + \eta \wedge d\omega =0,\] if and only \(\tilde{\eta}\) is a first-order deformation of \(\tilde{\omega}\). Using this construction, the previous results for the projective case and some other computations, Theorems 6.3, 6.4 and 9.1 state the desired stability results for homogeneous differential one-forms of type (a), (b) and (c), respectively. Finally, Section 7 contains a short digression about the problem of relative cohomology with poles, that is, a description of the solutions of the equation \[d(\tfrac{\eta}{F}) \wedge \omega =0\] for a given rational or logarithmic form \(\omega\) with integrating factor \(F\). The article is clear, readable and well written.