Actions of étale-covered groupoids (Q2209278)

We know well [\textit{A. Kumjian}, Pac. J. Math. 112, 141--192 (1984; Zbl 0574.46046); \textit{A. L. T. Paterson}, Groupoids, inverse semigroups, and their operator algebras. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser (1999; Zbl 0913.22001); \textit{J. Renault}, A groupoid approach to C*-algebras. Springer, Cham (1980; Zbl 0433.46049)] that inverse semigroups are intimately related to étale groupoids. Quantales, more specifically inverse quantal frames, were put forward as meditating objects between semigroups and groupoids in [\textit{J. P. Quijano} and \textit{P. Resende}, ``Functoriality of groupoid quantales. II'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1803.01075}]. This encouraged mathematicians not only to bring the correspondence to bear on localic groupoids rather than just topological groupoids, in particular making it constructive in a topos-theoretic sense, but also, independently, to provide an alternative algebraic language with which to describe étale groupoids, with the quantales being regarded as ring-like objects, which developed naturally into a program where various constructions for étale groupoids such as actions and sheaves are translated into quantale modules [\textit{P. Resende}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 216, No. 1, 41--70 (2012; Zbl 1231.06020); \textit{P. Resende} and \textit{E. Rodrigues}, Appl. Categ. Struct. 18, No. 2, 199--217 (2010; Zbl 1200.18008)]. The correspondence between étale groupoids and their quantales were made well behaved from a viewpoint of functoriality by considering bicategories and functoriality in the form of a bi-equivalence where the morphisms (\(1\)-cells) are groupoid bi-actions and quantale bimodules [\textit{P. Resende}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 219, No. 8, 3089--3109 (2015; Zbl 1343.06007)]. Another possible direction of research pertains to more general groupoids. This paper aims to recover the good behavior of actions, sheaves and functoriality of étale groupoids by restricting to a smaller class of open groupoids introduced in [\textit{M. C. Protin} and \textit{P. Resende}, J. Noncommut. Geom. 6, No. 2, 199--247 (2012; Zbl 1253.06019)]. Such groupoids \(G\)\ are endowed with good pseudogroups of local bisections, leading to a certain notion of cover \(J:\widehat{G}\rightarrow G\)\ by an étale groupoid so that they are called \textit{étale-covered groupoids}. Dually, to such groupoids, there is the notion of \textit{inverse-embedded quantale frame}, consisting of an inverse quantale frame \(\widehat{\mathcal{O}}\)\ with a suitable embedding \(j:\mathcal{O\rightarrow}\widehat{\mathcal{O}}\)\ of a non-unital quantale. A synopsis of the paper, consisting of four sections, goes as follows. \S 2 fixes terminology and notation, mostly following [\textit{J. P. Quijano} and \textit{P. Resende}, ``Functoriality of groupoid quantales. II'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1803.01075}; \textit{J. P. Quijano} and \textit{P. Resende}, Semigroup Forum 99, No. 3, 754--787 (2019; Zbl 1467.06017); \textit{P. Resende}, Adv. Math. 208, No. 1, 147--209 (2007; Zbl 1116.06014); \textit{P. Resende}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 216, No. 1, 41--70 (2012; Zbl 1231.06020)]. \S 3 introduces the main definitions of the paper, namely, inverse-embedded quantales and their étale-covered groupoids. The main results are presented in \S 4, relating the actions of an étale-covered groupoid \(G\)\ to the modules of the quantale \(\mathcal{O}\left(\widehat{G}\right)\) which behave well with respect to the embedding \(j:\mathcal{O}\left( G\right) \rightarrow \mathcal{O}\left( \widehat{G}\right) \), and leading to an equivalence between the category of \(G\)-actions and the category of such \(\mathcal{O}\left( \widehat{G}\right)\)-modules wtih extending the equivalence of categories that exists if \(G\)\ is étale. \S 4 contains two applications of these results. The first application is a description of \(G\)-sheaves in terms of \(\mathcal{O}\left( \widehat{G}\right)\)-modules extending that of the étale case, whereby a \(G\)-sheaf \(X\)\ is shown to correspond to an \(\mathcal{O}\left(\widehat{G}\right) \)-sheaf whose inner product \(\left( -,-\right) :X\times X\rightarrow\mathcal{O}\left( \widehat{G}\right)\) is valued in the image \(j\left( \mathcal{O}\left( G\right) \right) \). The second application is an extension of the functoriality results in [\textit{P. Resende}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 219, No. 8, 3089--3109 (2015; Zbl 1343.06007)], ultimately yielding a biequivalence between the bicategory of étale-covered groupoids and that of inverse-embedded quantale frames.