Pseudogroups and their étale groupoids. (Q2437408)

The article develops further the theory of abstract pseudogroups, especially the works of Pedro Resende. A \textit{pseudogroup} is defined as a complete infinitely distributive inverse monoid. The authors construct functors \(\mathbf G\) and \(\mathbf B\) such that the functor \(\mathbf G\colon\mathbf{Inv}^{op}\to\mathbf{Etale}\) is right adjoint to the functor \(\mathbf B\colon\mathbf{Etale}\to\mathbf{Inv}^{op}\) where \(\mathbf{Inv}\) is the category of pseudogroups with suitable morphisms and \(\mathbf{Etale}\) is the category of étale groupoids (that is, topological groupoids in which the map \(x\mapsto xx^{-1}\) is a local homeomorphism) as objects and continuous covering functors as morphisms. Based on that, a duality between spatial pseudogroups (distributive inverse semigroups, Boolean inverse semigroups) and sober (respectively, coherent, Hausdorff topological) étale groupoids is set up (a \textit{Boolean inverse semigroup} is a distributive inverse semigroup whose semilattice of idempotents forms a Boolean algebra and that is also an inverse \(\wedge\)-semigroup). The authors show how pseudogroups can be constructed from inverse semigroups, and étale groupoids from families of filters. For that purpose, the authors introduce for an inverse semigroup \(S\) equipped with a coverage \(\mathcal C\) the \textit{universal pseudogroup} \(\mathbf P_{\mathcal C}(S)\) and prove the existence and some properties of universal pseudogroups for three types of coverage: trivial coverage, dense coverage and tight coverage (a \textit{coverage} \(\mathcal C\) on an inverse semigroup \(S\) is a set \(\{\mathcal C(a)\mid a\in S\}\) where each \(\mathcal C(a)\) consists of a subsets of \(a^{\downarrow}\) satisfying certain conditions). For example, in the case of trivial coverage of \(S\) where \(\mathcal C(x)=\{\{x\}\}\) the universal pseudogroup consists of the set of all compatible order ideals of \(S\) with subset multiplication and the groupoid of all filters on \(S\) is homeomorphic to \(\mathbf G(\mathbf P_{\mathcal C}(S))\). The results obtained in the article are also applied for extending or generalizing the results of some previous studies of the authors, Ruy Exel, Alan Paterson, Benjamin Steinberg, and others.