Profinite groups with a cyclotomic \(p\)-orientation (Q2209881)

The problem of identifying the absolute Galois groups among all profinite groups is in the center of the research in Galois theory. For that, several methods have been invited, such has the structure of indecomposable modules (see [\textit{J. Minac} et al., ``On the indecomposability of a remarkable new family of modules appearing in Galois theory'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2105.13408}]) and the vanishing of the triple massey product [\textit{I. Efrat} and \textit{E. Matzri}, J. Eur. Math. Soc. 19, No. 12, 3629--3640 (2017; Zbl 1425.12004)]. One of this methods is the cyclotomy of \(p\)-orientations. By an orientation of a profinite group \(G\) we mean to a presentation \(\theta:G\to \mathbb{Z}_p^{\times}\). Given such an orientation, we can define a series of \(\mathbb{Z}[[G]]\)-modules \(\mathbb{Z}_p(k)\) by letting \(G\) acting on \(\mathbb{Z}_p\) through the formula \(g.z=\theta(g)^k.z\). Let \(G_K= \mathrm{Gal}(\bar{K}/K)\) denote the absolute Galois group of a field \(K\). In case \(\operatorname{char}(K)\ne p\), \(G_K\) equipped with a canonical \(p\)-orientation induced by the operation \[\theta_{K,p}:G_K\to \Aut(\mu_{p^{\infty}}(\bar{K}))\cong \mathbb{Z}_p^{\times}\] where \(\mu_{p^{\infty}}(\bar{K})\) denotes the subgroup of roots of unity of \(p\) power. When \(\operatorname{char}(K)=p\) we consider the trivial orientation \(\theta_{K,p}=1_{G_K}\). In [\textit{C. De Clercq} and \textit{M. Florence}, ``Lifting theorems and smooth profinite groups'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1710.10631}] Rost and Voevodsky have proved the following theorem: The canonical orientation of \(G_K\) possess the following property: for every \(k,n\geq 1\) and \(U\leq_oG_K\), the natural homomorphism \(H^k(U,\mathbb{Z}_p(k)/p^n)\to H^k(U,\mathbb{Z}_p(k)/p)\) is an epimorphism. We call a couple \((G,\theta)\) of a profinite group and a \(p\)-orientation, a \textit{\(p\)-oriented} profinite group. If the \(p\)-oriented profinite group has the property described in the theorem, we say that it is \textit{cyclotomic}. This gives us a great motivation to study cyclotomic \(p\)-oriented profinite groups, which is the course of this article. The article discuss several aspects of cyclotomic \(p\)-oriented profinite groups, such as: \begin{itemize} \item Equivalent criteria for cyclotomy, and sufficient conditions for \(p\)-oriented profinite groups to be cyclotomic. \item The behavior of the category of cyclotomic groups. For example this category is closed under coproducts, and fibre products with some extra properties. \item Combining this category with other categories of profinite groups, such as: Bloch-Kato groups, and profinite Poincare duality groups. \item Some properties of cyclotomic groups, such as cohomological dimension and torsion. \end{itemize} The article also study special kinds of cyclotomic groups, such as \(\theta\)-abelian, and some weaker categories called \textit{\(k\)-cyclotomic} profinite groups.