Fractional Laplacian, homogeneous Sobolev spaces and their realizations (Q2210726)

There exist two classical definitions of homogeneous fractional Sobolev spaces, one is defined as a space of equivalence classes in \(\mathcal{S}'/\mathcal{P}_\infty\), another one is defined via a certain closure of the Schwartz class \(\mathcal{S}\). More precisely, the former space, \(\dot L^p_s\), consists of all \([f]\in \mathcal{S}'/\mathcal{P}_\infty\) such that \(\dot\Delta^{s/2}f\in \dot L^p\), where \(\dot L^p\) denotes the space of equivalence classes whose elements have a representative in \(L^p\), and \(\dot\Delta^{s/2}:\ \mathcal{S}'/\mathcal{P}_\infty\to \mathcal{S}'/\mathcal{P}_\infty\) is defined via \(\dot\Delta^{s/2}[u]:=\mathcal{F}^{-1}(|\cdot|^s \widehat{u})\). The latter space, \(\dot W^{s,p}\), is defined as the closure of \(\mathcal{S}\) with respect to the norm \(\|\Delta^{s/2}\varphi\|_{L^p}\), where \(\Delta^{s/2}=\dot{\Delta}^{s/2}|_\mathcal{S}\). This article describes in detail how these two definitions are related to each other, by providing an explicit correspondence between these two spaces, and shows that they share the same realization space.