Surjectivity of certain adjoint operators and applications (Q2211903)

Let \(E\) be the Lie-Fréchet space that consists of all vector fields \(X\) of class \(C^{\infty}\) on \(\mathbb R^{n}\) with a graduation of seminorms \(\| X\| _{r}=\sup _{x\in \mathbb R^n}\max _{k+|\alpha | \leq r}\| D^{\alpha} X(x)\|(1+\| x\|^{2})^{k/2}\) (such Lie algebras were considered by [\textit{R. S. Hamilton}, Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 7, 65--222 (1982; Zbl 0499.58003)]. The authors study a subalgebra \(U\) of the Lie algebra \(E\) consisting of all vector fields of the form \(Y_0=X_{0}^{+}+X_{0}^{-}+Z_0\) such that \(X_0(x, y)=A(x, y)=(A^{-}(x), A^{+}(y)),\) with \(A^{-}\) (respectively, \(A^{+})\) a symmetric matrix with eigenvalues \(\lambda<0\) (respectively, \(\lambda >0\)) and \(Z_0\) are germs infinitely flat at the origin. The main result of the paper: the subalgebra \(U\) of the Lie algebra \(E\) admits a hyperbolic structure for the diffeomorphism \(\psi _{t^{\star}}=(\exp{tY_0})_{\star}.\) As an application of this result it was proved that for any admissible subalgebra \(U\) of finite codimension of the Lie algebra \(E\) that has a hyperbolic structure for the flow and satisfies some conditions it holds \(U=E.\)