On moduli spaces of polarized Enriques surfaces (Q2212107)

The moduli space \(\mathcal{E}_g\) of complex polarized Enriques surfaces \((S, L)\) of genus \(g\), that is, such that \(L^2 = 2g-2\), and the moduli space \(\widehat{\mathcal E}_g\) of numerically polarized Enriques surfaces \(S, [L]\) are related by an étale double cover \(\rho_g \colon \mathcal{E}_g \rightarrow \widehat{\mathcal E}_g\) which identifies \((S, L)\) with \((S, L + K_S)\). Let \(\mathcal E'\) be an irreducible component of \(\widehat{\mathcal E}_g\). Answering a question of [\textit{V. Gritsenko} and \textit{K. Hulek}, Prog. Math. 315, 55--72 (2016; Zbl 1354.14058)], the author proves that \(\rho_g^{-1}(\widehat{\mathcal E}_g)\) is irreducible if and only if \(\mathcal E'\) parametrizes pairs \((S,[L])\), where \([L]\) is not 2-divisible in \(\mathrm{Num}(S)\), otherwise it consists of two disjoint components (Theorem 1.1). The proof is based on results on degenerations of Enriques surfaces to reducible surfaces that are a transversal union of a rational surface and a surface birational to the second symmetric product of an elliptic curve. Moreover, the author finds a way to enumerate all irreducible components of \(\mathcal{E}_g\), introducing a new invariant of line bundles on Enriques surfaces, called the \(\phi\)-vector, that generalizes the \(\phi\)-invariant introduced by \textit{F. R. Cossec} [Math. Ann. 271, 577--600 (1985; Zbl 0541.14031)]. The irreducible components of \(\mathcal{E}_g\) turn out to be in one-to-one correspondence with 11-tuples of integers \((\phi_1, \ldots, \phi_{10}, \varepsilon)\) satisfying certain numerical conditions (Theorem 1.4). As an example, all components with \(\phi_1 \in \{1,2,3\}\) are listed at the end of \S5. The paper ends with the question whether a certain specific irreducible component of \(\widehat{\mathcal{E}}_g\) dominating all other irreducible components of \(\widehat{\mathcal{E}}_g\) coincides with the moduli space of Enriques surfaces with a level-2-structure introduced by Gritsenko and Hulek.