Solvability of a nonlinear problem in open-closed \(p\)-adic string theory (Q2212364)

Despite the title, this paper is about integral equations, and doesn't say anything directly about \(p\)-adic analysis or string theory. The authors construct solutions to integral equations on the real line with a cubic nonlinearlity, of the form \[ \psi^3(x)\left(\varphi^3(x) + (1 - a)\varphi(x) \right)=\int_{-\infty}^\infty K(x-t)\varphi(t)\,dt, \] where the unknown function \(\varphi\) is continuous, odd, and tends to \(1\) at \(+\infty\), and the given function \(\psi\) is continuous, even, tends to \(1\) at \(\pm\infty\), and takes the value \(0\) at \(0\). The kernel \(K\) is even, positive, non-increasing, with total integral \(1\) and finite second moment.