Sampling almost periodic and related functions (Q2216645)

\textit{Y. Katznelson} [``Sequences of integers dense in the Bohr group'', Proc. R. Inst. Tech. 79--86 (1973)] devised a method that almost surely produces subsets of the group of integers \(\mathbb {Z}\) with asymptotic null density which are dense in the Bohr topology. In this paper the authors consider certain finite sets of circle-valued functions defined on intervals of real numbers and estimate how large the intervals must be for the values of these functions to be uniformly distributed in an approximate way. This is used to establish some general conditions under which the random construction introduced by Katznelson for the integers yields sets that are dense in the Bohr group. In this way the authors obtain very sparse sets of real numbers (and of integers) on which two different almost periodic function cannot agree, which makes them amenable to be used in sampling theorems for these functions. These sets can be made as sparse as to have zero asymptotic density or as to be $t$-sets. Many of these results hold not only for almost periodic functions but also for classes of functions generated by more general complex exponential functions including chirps or polynomial phase functions.