Selectively pseudocompact groups and \(p\)-compactness (Q2216660)

A space \(X\) is \textit{selectively pseudocompact} if for each sequence \((U_n)_{n<\omega}\) of pairwise disjoint nonempty open subsets of \(X\) there are a sequence \((x_n)_{n<\omega}\) of points in \(X\) and \(x\in X\) such that \(x_n\in U_n\) for every \(n<\omega\) and \(x\) is an accumulation point of \(\{x_n:n<\omega\}\). From the definition, it is easy to show that every countably compact space is selectively pseudocompact and every selectively pseudocompact is pseudocompact. Also, it is known that there is a selectively pseudocompact group that is not countably compact and a pseudocompact group that is not selectively pseudocompact. \par Let \(p\) be an ultrafilter on \(\omega\). For a sequence \((x_n)_{n<\omega}\) in a space \(X\), \(x\in X\) is a \textit{\(p\)-limit point} of \((x_n)_{n<\omega}\) if \(\{n<\omega: x_n\in V\}\in p\) for every neighborhood \(V\) of \(x\), and a space \(X\) is called \textit{\(p\)-compact} if for every sequence \((x_n)_{n<\omega}\) of points of \(X\) has a \(p\)-limit point. \textit{A. R. Bernstein} [Fundam. Math. 66, 185--193 (1970; Zbl 0198.55401)] showed that every compact space is \(p\)-compact for each ultrafilter \(p\) on \(\omega\) and it is easy to show that if a space \(X\) is \(p\)-compact for some ultrafilter \(p\) on \(\omega\), then \(X\) is countably compact. \par \textit{W. W. Comfort} and \textit{K. A. Ross} [Pac. J. Math. 16, 483--496 (1966; Zbl 0214.28502)] proved that the product of pseudocompact groups is pseudocompact. Also, it is known that \(p\)-compactness is preserved under arbitrary products for each ultrafilter \(p\) on \(\omega\). Furthermore, we know that there is a model of \(ZFC\) due to \textit{S. Shelah} [Proper forcing. Cham: Springer Verlag (1982; Zbl 0495.03035)] in which, for given two arbitrary ultrafilters \(p\) and \(q\) on \(\omega\) the product of a \(p\)-compact space and a \(q\)-compact space is \(r\)-compact for some ultrafilter \(r\) on \(\omega\), and under the assumption of Martin's Axiom there are two (selective) ultrafilters \(p\) and \(q\) on \(\omega\), and a \(p\)-compact space \(X\) and a \(q\)-compact space \(Y\) such that \(X\times Y\) is not pseudocompact. \par In this paper, the authors discuss the following question: Is selective pseudocompactness productive in the class of topological groups? In particular, for given two arbitrary ultrafilters \(p\) and \(q\) on \(\omega\), is the product of a \(p\)-compact group and a \(q\)-compact group selectively pseudocompact? \par A \textit{selective ultrafilter} is a free ultrafilter \(p\) on \(\omega\) such that for every partition \(\{A_n:n<\omega\}\) of \(\omega\), either there exists \(n\) such that \(A_n\in p\) or there exists \(B\in p\) such that \(|B\cap A_n|\leq1\) for every \(n<\omega\). The existence of selective ultrafilters is independent from the axioms of \(ZFC\). They prove that if \(p_0\) and \(p_1\) are not equivalent selective ultrafilters on \(\omega\) (more precisely, two \(RK\)-incomparable selective ultrafilters on \(\omega\)), then there exist \(p_i\)-compact group topologies \(\tau_i\) on \(G=\bigoplus_{\mathfrak{c}}{\mathbb Z}_2\), for each \(i<2\), so that \(\langle G, \tau_{0}\rangle\times\langle G, \tau_1\rangle\) is not selective pseudocompact.