\(D\)-continua, \(D^\ast \)-continua, and Wilder continua (Q2216674)
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English | \(D\)-continua, \(D^\ast \)-continua, and Wilder continua |
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\(D\)-continua, \(D^\ast \)-continua, and Wilder continua (English)
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16 December 2020
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Here, by a continuum we mean a metric continuum. A continuum \(X\) is: -- a \(D\)-continuum if for every two disjoint non-degenerate subcontinua \(A\) and \(B\), there exists a subcontinuum \(E\) of \(X\) such that \(A\cap E \neq \emptyset\), \(B\cap E \neq \emptyset\), and \((A\cup B)\setminus E\neq \emptyset\), -- a \(D^{*}\)-continuum, if in the previous definition we add that \(A\setminus E\neq \emptyset\neq B\setminus E\), -- a Wilder continuum if for any three points \(x\), \(y\) and \(z\) of \(X\), there exists a subcontinuum of \(X\) containing \(x\) and exactly one of \(y\) and \(z\), -- aposyndetic, if for every two distinct points \(x\) and \(y\) in \(X\), there exists a subcontinuum \(M\) of \(X\) such that \(x\in int_{X}(M)\) and \(y\notin M\), -- semiaposyndetic, if for every two distinct points \(x\) and \(y\) of \(X\), there exists a subcontinuum \(M\) of \(X\) such that one of the points \(x\) or \(y\) is in \(int_{X}(M)\) and the other one is not in \(M\), -- \(n\)-aposyndetic, if for every subset \(A\) of \(X\) with exactly \(n\) elements, and a point \(x\notin A\), there exists a subcontinuum \(M\) of \(X\) such that \(x\in int_{X}(M)\) and \(M\cap A=\emptyset\), -- colocally connected if \(X\) has a basis of open sets with connected complement. In the paper under review, besides gathering some results in the literature, the authors study the relationships between the classes of continua having the properties defined above. They almost make all the possible connections. The only ones they cannot solve are contained in the following question, included in the paper. Question 1. Let \(X\) be a continuum. If \(X\) is semiaposyndetic (or aposyndetic, or colocally connected), is then \(X\) a \(D^{*}\)-continuum? They also discuss results relating the concepts above with open monotone, inverse limits and hereditary unicoherence. They also include the following interesting question. Question 2. Is there an arc-like \(D^{*}\)-continuum which is not an arc?
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\(D\)-continuum
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\( D^\ast \)-continuum
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Wilder continuum
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aposyndetic
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semiaposyndetic
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\(n\)-aposyndetic
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continuum-chainable
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colocally connected
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Janiszewski's continuum
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