Invariants related to the tree property (Q2218719)

Shelah investigated model theoretic trees and introduced the tree property (TP), the tree property of the first kind (TP\(_1\)), and the tree property of the second kind (TP\(_2\)). Related with these three properties are the three cardinal invariants \(\kappa_{cdt}\), \(\kappa_{sct}\), and \(\kappa_{inp}\). Shelah showed that a theory \(T\) has the tree property if and only if it has the tree property of the first kind or the tree property of the second kind. He asked if \(\kappa_{cdt}(T) = \kappa_{sct}(T) + \kappa_{inp}(T)\) in general. That is not the case. Here, the author constructs a stable theory \(T\) such that \(\kappa_{cdt}(T)>\kappa_{sct}(T) + \kappa_{inp}(T)\). He uses a strong coloring constructed by Galvin under GCH and later by Shelah in ZFC. Using the ideas of his construction he shows: Theorem: There is a theory T such that \(\kappa_{inp}(T) = \lambda^{++}\) yet for any regular ultrafilter \(\mathcal {D}\) on \(\lambda\) and \(\lambda^{++}\)-saturated model \(M \models T\), \(M^{\lambda}/\mathcal{D}\) is \(\lambda^{++}\)saturated. Theorem: If \(\lambda = \lambda^{<\lambda}\) and \(\kappa_{sct}(T)> \lambda^+\), M is an \(\lambda^{++}\)-saturated model of T and \(\mathcal{D}\) is a regular ultrafilter over \(\lambda\), then \(M^{\lambda}/\mathcal{D}\) is not \(\lambda^{++}\)-compact.