Projective bundles enveloping rational conic fibrations and osculation (Q2220179)

The main object under consideration in this paper is a rational conic fibration \(X \subset \mathbb{P}^N\) (or \((X, L)\)) with a morphism \(\pi: X \to \mathbb{P}^1\). This is contained in a projective bundle \(\widetilde{\pi}: P =\mathbb{P} (\mathcal{V}) \to \mathbb{P}^1\), where \(\mathcal{V} = \pi_* L\). Also, \(X \in |2 \widetilde{L} + \widetilde{\pi}^* \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1} (b)|\) for the tautological line bundle \(\widetilde{L}\) on \(P\) and some integer \(b\). The bundle \(P\) is called as the \textit{enveloping projective bundle} of \(X\). In Section 3, it is studied when a 3-dimensional rational projective bundle is the enveloping projective bundle of a conic fibration for some \(b\) (Theorem 2). In Section 4, they consider (in Theorem 3) an application of Theorem 2 to conic bundles (conic fibrations which has no singular fibration). In Section 5, they deal with rational conic fibrations with singular fibers. To do this, they translate the geometry of \(X\) in terms of the Segre--Hirzebruch sufrace \(\mathbb{F}_1\) and a subset \(\mathcal{Z} \subset \mathbb{F}_1\) consisting of \(\mu\) points lying on distinct fibers, as discussed in [\textit{A. Lanteri} and \textit{R. Mallavibarrena}, Adv. Geom. 21, No. 2, 281--292 (2021; Zbl 1471.14016)]. In Section 6, they specialize the results in Section 4 and 5 to the case \(g \le 2\), where \(g\) is the sectional genus of \(X\). The case \(g=0\) corresponds to a scroll \((b=1)\), and all the invariants are computed. In Theorem 8 and Theorem 12, the list of rational conic fibrations in the case \(g=1\) and \(g=2\) are given respectively. In Section 8, they compare the second inflectional locus of \(X\) with that of the enveloping projective bundle \(P\) when it is a scroll, as a continuation of the previous works in [\textit{A. Lanteri} and \textit{R. Mallavibarrena}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 220, No. 8, 2852--2878 (2016; Zbl 1342.14013)] and [\textit{A. Lanteri} et al., J. Algebra 441, 363--397 (2015; Zbl 1327.14054)]. Since the scroll is rational and decomposable, they can also rely on [\textit{A. Lanteri} and \textit{R. Mallavibarrena}, Math. Nachr. 282, No. 11, 1548--1566 (2009; Zbl 1181.14023)] and [\textit{R. Piene} and \textit{G. Sacchiero}, Commun. Algebra 12, 1041--1066 (1984; Zbl 0539.14027)]. At the end of the Introduction, the authors give a comment as follows: ``... our original expectation of being able to connect satisfactorilly the inflectional loci of \(X\) and \(P\) was naive. ... deepening this idea led to ... produce several examples, collected in Section 8, that show how a relationship is rather unlikely in general.''