On hyperbolicity and Gevrey well-posedness. I: The elliptic case (Q2220244)

The author is interested in the Cauchy problem for first-order quasilinear systems of partial differential equations \[ \begin{cases} \partial_t u=\displaystyle\sum_{j=1}^d A_j(t,x,u)\partial_{x_j}u+f(t,x,u)\\ u(0,x)=h(x) \end{cases}\tag{E} \] where \(t\geq0\), \(x\in\mathbb R^d\), \(u(t,x)\) and \(f(t,x,u)\) are in \(\mathbb R^N\), and where \(A_j(t,x,u)\) are in \(\mathbb R^N\times\mathbb R^N\) for all \(j\). The coefficients \(A_j\) and \(f\) are besides assumed to be analytic near the origin \((0,0,0)\). \textit{G. Métivier} [Contemp. Math. 368, 337--356 (2005; Zbl 1071.35074)] proved in the case, where the first-order operator is initially micro-locally elliptic, that the Cauchy problem (E) is ill-posed in Gevrey spaces. Here, the ill-posedness means instability in the sense of Hadamard, specifically an instantaneous defect of Hölder continuity of the flow from \(G^{\sigma}\) to \(L^2\), where \(\sigma\in(0,1)\) depends on the initial spectrum. The aim of this article is to extend this result under some convenient assumption on the principal symbol of (E). In particular, some bounds on \(\sigma\) are made explicit.