On hyperbolicity and Gevrey well-posedness. I: The elliptic case

DOI10.5802/AHL.59MaRDI QIDQ2220244zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Baptiste Morisse

Publication date 22 January 2021

Published in Annales Henri Lebesgue (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.07225

zbMATH Keywords

Gevrey regularityhyperbolic systemsill-posednesspartial differential equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Initial value problems for first-order hyperbolic systems (35L45) First-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations (35L60) Ill-posed problems for PDEs (35R25)

Abstract: In this paper we prove that the Cauchy problem for first-order quasi-linear systems of partial differential equations is ill-posed in Gevrey spaces, under the assumption of an initial ellipticity. The assumption bears on the principal symbol of the first-order operator. Ill-posedness means instability in the sense of Hadamard, specifically an instantaneous defect of H"older continuity of the flow from $G^{sigma}$ to $L^2$, where $sigmain(0,1)$ depends on the initial spectrum. Building on the analysis carried out by G. M'etivier [ extit{Remarks on the well-posedness of the nonlinear Cauchy problem}, Contemp. Math. 2005], we show that ill-posedness follows from a long-time Cauchy-Kovalevskaya construction of a family of exact, highly oscillating, analytical solutions which are initially close to the null solution, and which grow exponentially fast in time. A specific difficulty resides in the observation time of instability. While in Sobolev spaces, this time is logarithmic in the frequency, in Gevrey spaces it is a power of the frequency. In particular, in Gevrey spaces the instability is recorded much later than in Sobolev spaces.

Review text

The author is interested in the Cauchy problem for first-order quasilinear systems of partial differential equations \[ \begin{cases} \partial_t u=\displaystyle\sum_{j=1}^d A_j(t,x,u)\partial_{x_j}u+f(t,x,u)\\ u(0,x)=h(x) \end{cases}\tag{E} \] where \(t\geq0\), \(x\in\mathbb R^d\), \(u(t,x)\) and \(f(t,x,u)\) are in \(\mathbb R^N\), and where \(A_j(t,x,u)\) are in \(\mathbb R^N\times\mathbb R^N\) for all \(j\). The coefficients \(A_j\) and \(f\) are besides assumed to be analytic near the origin \((0,0,0)\). \textit{G. Métivier} [Contemp. Math. 368, 337--356 (2005; Zbl 1071.35074)] proved in the case, where the first-order operator is initially micro-locally elliptic, that the Cauchy problem (E) is ill-posed in Gevrey spaces. Here, the ill-posedness means instability in the sense of Hadamard, specifically an instantaneous defect of Hölder continuity of the flow from \(G^{\sigma}\) to \(L^2\), where \(\sigma\in(0,1)\) depends on the initial spectrum. The aim of this article is to extend this result under some convenient assumption on the principal symbol of (E). In particular, some bounds on \(\sigma\) are made explicit.

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Cited in

(4)

• The onset of instability in first-order systems
• On well-posedness of semilinear parabolic and elliptic problems in the hyperbolic space
• Remarks on the complex Euler equations
• On hyperbolicity and Gevrey well-posedness. II: Scalar or degenerate transitions

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