Some particular properties of general orthonormal systems (Q2221000)

Let \(C_n(f)=\int_0^1 f(x)\, \varphi_n (x)\, dx\) denote the Fourier coefficient of \(f\) with respect to the orthonormal system \(\{\varphi_n\}\) in \(L^2[0,1]\), and for \(a=\{a_n\}\in \ell^2\) define \(H_n(a)=\max_{1\leq i\leq n}\bigl\vert \int_{0}^{i/n} P_n(x,a)\, dx \bigr\vert \) where \(P_n(x,a)=\sum_{k=1}^n a_k k^\gamma \varphi_k(x)\) \((0<\gamma<1\)) and let \(D_n(a)=\bigl(\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 k^\gamma \bigr)^{1/2}\). The main theorem states that if \[ H_n(a)=O(1) D_n(a)\leqno{(1)}\] then for any \(f\in V(0,1)\) (bounded variation) one has \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty C_n^2(f) n^\gamma<\infty\). The second main theorem states that if there is a sequence \(\{b_n\}\in\ell^2\) and \(\gamma\in (0,1)\) such that \(\lim\sup_{n\to\infty} H_n(b)/Dn(b)=+\infty\) then there is also an absolutely continuous \(g\) such that \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty C_n(g) n^\gamma =+\infty\). The third result states that any orthonormal system \(\{\varphi_n\}\) contains a subsystem \(\{\varphi_{n_k}\}\) with respect to which (1) holds on \(\ell^2\) with respect to the system \(\{\varphi_{n_k}\}\). Finally, it is shown that if an orthonormal system \(\{\varphi_n\}\) satisfies \(\int_0^x \varphi_n(x)\, dx=O(1/n)\) uniformly in \(x\in (0,1)\), then (1) holds for any \(\{a_n\}\in\ell^2\). It is shown separately that the Haar and Franklin systems satisfy (1) on \(\ell^2\).