Monodromy and birational geometry of O'Grady's sixfolds (Q2224715)

The main result is that the Classical Bimeromorphic Global Torelli Theorem holds for hyperkähler manifolds of \(OG6\) type. That is, two hyperkähler manifolds of \(OG6\) type \(X\) and \(Y\) are bimeromorphic if and only if there exists an isomorphism of integral Hodge structures \(H^{2}(X,\mathbb{Z})\cong H^{2}(Y,\mathbb{Z})\) that is isometric with respect to the Beauville-Bogomolov forms. This surprising result is obtained from a deep understanding of the monodromy group of the hyperkähler variety. Given an abelian surface \(A\), a certain Mukai vector \(\upsilon\) and a \(\upsilon\)-generic polarization \(H\), let \(M_{\upsilon}(A,H)\) be the Gieseker moduli space of \(H\)-semistable sheaves on \(A\) with Mukai vector \(\upsilon\). It was already proved by \textit{A. Perego} and \textit{A. Rapagnetta} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 678, 1--34 (2013; Zbl 1275.14029)] that a fiber \(K_{\upsilon}(A,H)\) of the Albanese fibration of \(M_{\upsilon}(A,H)\) has a desingularization that is a hyperkähler manifold of \(OG6\) type. First of all, the authors prove two important results on the monodromy group. Given a polarization on \(A\) of degree \(2d\), the authors prove that the group \(Mon_{f_{2d}}^{2}(A)\) of a specific family of abelian surfaces \(f_{2d}\) is exactly the symplectic group of automorphisms of \(H^{1}(A,\mathbb{Z})\) preserving the alternating form defined by the polarization. The second result is the isomorphism between the monodromy group \(Mon^{2}(K_{\upsilon}(A,H))_{lt}^{pr}\) and the group \(O^{+}(H^{2}(K_{\upsilon}(A,H),\mathbb{Z}))\) of isometries preserving the orientation. This last result is the most technical part of the article. These results are used to prove that also \(Mon^{2}(X)\) is maximal for every hyperkähler manifold \(X\) of \(OG6\) type. The main result is a consequence of Markman's Hodge theoretic version of Verbitsky's Global Torelli Theorem. Finally, these results have two applications. The first is a description of the Kähler cone of \(X\) and of the closure of the birational Kähler cone of \(X\), in purely lattice theoretic way. The second application is the proof of the existence of Lagrangian fibration: if \(X\) has a square zero non zero divisor, then it has bimeromorphic model with a Lagrangian fibration.