Irreducibility of a polynomial shifted by a power of another polynomial (Q2225580)

In this note, the author shows that for any \(f\in\mathbb{Z}[x]\) of positive degree and any prime number \(p\), there exists \(g\in\mathbb{Z}\) such that the polynomial \(f(x)-g(x)^p\) is irreducible. In case of composite integer \(p\) the same statement is true provided that the polynomial \(f\) is not of the form \(ah(x)^{k}\), where \(a\neq 0, k\geq 2\) are integers and \(h\in\mathbb{Z}[x]\). The proofs are based on: (1)Hilbert's irreducibility theorem; (2) Perreli and Zannier variation [\textit{A. Perelli} and \textit{U. Zannier}, Boll. Unione Mat. Ital., V. Ser., A 17, 199--202 (1980; Zbl 0506.10044)] of a classical result of Davenport stating that for any given \(f\in\mathbb{Z}[x]\) such that for each \(x\in\mathbb{Z}\) we have \(f(x)=l(x)^{k}\) for some \(l(x)\in\mathbb{Z}[x]\) we have \(f(x)=g(x)^k\) for some \(g\in\mathbb{Z}\); (3) Capelli theorem. The proofs are elementary.