Sharp Hardy-Leray and Rellich-Leray inequalities for curl-free vector fields (Q2225628)

The authors proved sharp Hardy-Leray and Rellich-Leray inequalities for curl-free vector fields. Namely, let \(\gamma\not=1-N/2\) be a real number and let \(u\in C^{\infty}_{c}(\mathbb{R}^{N})^{N}\) be a curl-free vector field. Then, there are optimal constants \(H_{N,\gamma}\) and \(R_{N,\gamma}\) (given explicitly) satisfying: \begin{itemize} \item [\(i)\)] If \(u(0)=0\) and \(\gamma<1-N/2\), then \[ H_{N,\gamma}\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}\frac{|u|^2}{|x|^2}|x|^{2\gamma}dx\le \int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}|\nabla u|^{2}|x|^{2\gamma}dx. \] \item [\(ii)\)] If \(\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|x|^{2\gamma-4}|u|^{2}dx<\infty\), then \[ R_{N,\gamma}\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}\frac{|u|^2}{|x|^4}|x|^{2\gamma}dx\le \int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}|\Delta u|^{2}|x|^{2\gamma}dx. \] \end{itemize} These results complement the former work by [\textit{O. Costin} and \textit{V. Maz'ya}, Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 32, No. 4, 523--532 (2008; Zbl 1147.35122)] on the sharp Hardy-Leray inequality for axisymmetric divergence-free vector fields.