Convergence of the CEM-GMsFEM for Stokes flows in heterogeneous perforated domains (Q2226262)

Let \(\Omega\subset\mathbb R^d\) be a bounded domain and \(B_{\epsilon}\) be a set of perforations within this domain. The set of perforations \(B_{\epsilon}\) is assumed to be a union of connected circular disks. Each of these disks is of diameter of order \(0<\epsilon\ll \operatorname{diam}(\Omega)\) and might be separated by a distance also of order \(\epsilon\). The work develops the so-called CEM-GMs FEM-method (constraint energy minimizing generalized multiscale finite element method) for studying the following Stokes problem in the theory of incompressible fluid mechanics, namely \begin{align*} -\Delta\mathbf{u}+\nabla p&=\mathbf{f} \text{ in } \Omega^{\epsilon},\\ \nabla\cdot\mathbf{u}&=0 \text{ in } \Omega^{\epsilon},\\ \mathbf{u}&=\mathbf{g} \text{ on } \partial\Omega^{\epsilon}\cap\partial\Omega, \\ \mathbf{u}&=\mathbf{0} \text{ on } \partial\Omega^{\epsilon}\cap B_{\epsilon}. \end{align*} The authors reformulate the problem as a variational one using classical Lebesgue spaces \(L^2_0(\Omega^{\epsilon})\) with zero mean, Sobolev spaces \(H^1_0(\Omega^{\epsilon})\) with vanishing trace and their vector variant \(\mathbf{V}_0=(H^1_0(\Omega^{\epsilon}))^d\). Find \((\mathbf{u},p)\in\mathbf{V}_0\times L^2_0(\Omega^{\epsilon})\) such that \begin{align*} a(\mathbf{u},\mathbf{v})-b(\mathbf{v},p)&=(\mathbf{f},\mathbf{v}) \text{ for all } \mathbf{v}\in\mathbf{V}_0,\\ b(\mathbf{u},q)&=0 \text{ for all } q\in L^2_0(\Omega^{\epsilon}), \end{align*} where \[ a(\mathbf{u},\mathbf{v})=\int\limits_{\Omega^{\epsilon}}\nabla\mathbf{u}\cdot\nabla\mathbf{v}dx,\quad b(\mathbf{u},q)=\int\limits_{\Omega^{\epsilon}}q\nabla\cdot\mathbf{u}dx. \] After this reformulation, they introduce auxiliary spaces and the construction of multiscale basis functions for pressure using relaxed constraint energy minimization. The multiscale basis functions are constructed by solving a class of local spectral problems and constrained minimization problems. Convergence results are given in a separate section.