On generic polinomial differential equations of second order on the circle (Q2227032)

The work is devoted to the second-order autonomous differential equations of the following form \[\ddot{x}=a_n(x)\dot{x}^n+ \dots +a_1(x)\dot{x}+a_0(x)\] with periodic continuously differentiable coefficients \(a_i(x)\). It means that the corresponding dynamical systems have a cylindrical phase space. The author considers structurally stable such equations assuming that the leading coefficient \(a_n(x)\) is nonzero. It is proved that, if all singular points and closed trajectories are hyperbolic and there is no any trajectory going from a saddle to a saddle, then such equations are structurally stable and form an open everywhere dense set in the space of all the considered equations. In addition, it is shown that for a fixed \(n\) a structurally stable equation can have arbitrary number of limit cycles, both homotopic to zero and non-homotopic to zero on the phase cylinder.