A geometric-analytic study of linear differential equations of order two (Q2228084)

The authors study the existence of solutions and their convergence for second order linear differential equations with analytic coefficients, by using old and new aspects of the Frobenius methods. They prove the convergence of formal solutions and discuss the characterizations of the regular singularities in terms of the space of solutions. The authors obtain an analytic-geometric classification of these polynomial ODEs, by associating some rational Riccati differential equations. They find a global holonomy group which is a computable group of Moebius maps. Some applications of the obtained results to Bessel and Legendre equations are also presented. The existence and the form of Liouvillian solutions for polynomial ODEs are finally addressed.