Separation of variables, quasi-trigonometric \(r\)-matrices and generalized Gaudin models (Q2236609)

The aim of this paper is to construct two new one-parametric families of separated variables for the classical Lax-integrable Hamiltonian systems governed by a one-parametric family of non-skew-symmetric, non-dynamical \(gl(2)\otimes gl(2)\)-valued quasi-trigonometric classical \(r\)-matrices. The author shows that for all but one classical \(r\)-matrices in the considered one-parametric families the corresponding curves of separation differ from the standard spectral curve of the initial Lax matrix. The proposed scheme is illustrated by an example of separation of variables for \(N=2\) quasi-trigonometric Gaudin models in an external magnetic field. This paper is organized as follows: Section 1 is an introduction to the subject. In Section 2 the author presents main facts about separation of variables and about the method of separating functions. In Section 3 he recalls the general theory of the classical \(r\)-matrices and generalized Gaudin models and specialize this theory for the case of quasi-trigonometric \(r\)-matrices. In Section 4 the author constructs two families of separating functions for any integrable system governed by the quasi-trigonometric \(r\)-matrix. In Section 5 he performs variable separation for the \(N=2\) quasi-trigonometric Gaudin models. In Section 6 he briefly concludes and discusses the on-going problems. Appendices A and B deals with the explicit form of the reconstruction formulae for the both cases of SoV discovered in the present paper and for \(N=2\) quasi-trigonometric Gaudin models.