A Diophantine Ramsey theorem (Q2236662)

For a polynomial \(P \in \mathbb{Z}[x_1, \ldots ,x_s]\), the equation \(P(x_1, \ldots ,x_s)=0\) is said to be regular if, in any partition \(\mathbb{N}= A_1 \cup \cdots \cup A_r\), there is a solution to this equation with non-identical \(x_1, \ldots ,x_s \in A_i\) for some \(1 \leq i \leq r\). Let \({p} \in \mathbb{Z}[y]\). The equation \(c_1x_1^k + \cdots + c_sx_s^k = {p}(y)\) is said to contain two identical symmetric equations with \(2h\) variables if \(4h \leq s\) and \(c_i = c_{h+i} = -c_{2h+i} = -c_{3h+i}\) for very \(1 \leq i \leq h\) after possible permutation. The main result of this paper is the following. Let \({p} \in \mathbb{Z}[y]\) be any polynomial with \({p}(0)=0\), \(k\) a natural number, and \(c_1, \ldots, c_s\) non-zero integers. Then the equation \(c_1x_1^k + \cdots + c_sx_s^k = {p}(y)\) is regular, provided that it contains two identical symmetric equations each with \(2h \geq k(k+1)\).