Algebraicity of the near central non-critical values of symmetric fourth \(L\)-functions for Hilbert modular forms (Q2239156)

Let \(\Pi\) denote a cuspidal automorphic representation of \(\mathrm{GL}_2\) over a totally real number field \(F/{\mathbb Q}\) and assume that \(\Pi\) corresponds to a cuspidal Hilbert modular form \(f_\Pi\), a normalized newform of weight \((\kappa_v)_{v\mid\infty}\). Assume that \(\kappa_v\geq 3\) for all Archimedean places \(v\) of \(F\). This is equivalent to saying that \(\Pi\) is cohomological with respect to a coefficient system \(V\) of regular highest weight. Assume furthermore that \(\Pi\) is non-CM, i.e., it is no base change of a Hecke character in a (totally imaginary) quadratic extension of \(F\). This condition ensures that the Gelbart-Jacquet lift \(\mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi\) of \(\Pi\) to \(\mathrm{GL}_3\) is cuspidal [\textit{S. Gelbart} and \textit{H. Jacquet}, Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 11, No. 4, 471--542 (1978; Zbl 0406.10022)]. Moreover, \(\mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi\) is cohomological as well, i.e., regular algebraic in the sense of \textit{L. Clozel} [Perspect. Math. 10, 77--159 (1990; Zbl 0705.11029)]. In particular, the finite part of \(\mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi\) is defined over the field of rationality \(\mathbb Q(\Pi)\) of \(\Pi\), which is a number field. \textit{A. Raghuram} and \textit{F. Shahidi} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2008, Article ID rnn077, 23 p. (2008; Zbl 1170.11009)] have shown the existence of a canonical rational structure on the Whittaker model of the finite part of \(\mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi\). Comparing this rational structure with the canonical rational structure on cuspidal cohomology of \(\mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi\) in top and bottom degrees (after a suitable choice of vectors in the Archimedean component), we obtain two well defined complex periods \(p^t(\mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi)\) and \(p^b(\mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi)\). The author then proves the following rationality result: \[ \frac{L^{(\infty)}(1,\Pi,\mathrm{Sym}^4\otimes\omega_{\Pi}^{-2})}{\pi^{3\sum_{v\mid\infty}\kappa_v}\cdot G(\omega_\Pi)^{-3}\cdot\|f_\Pi\|\cdot p^t(\mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi)}\in\mathbb Q(\Pi). \] Moreover, the expression on the left hand side is \(\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb C)\)-equivariant in a suitable sense. Here \(L^{(\infty)}(1,\Pi,\mathrm{Sym}^4\otimes\omega_{\Pi}^{-2})\) denotes the symmetric fourth power \(L\)-function of \(\Pi\), twisted by the negative square of the central character \(\omega_\Pi\) of \(\Pi\), \(G(\omega_\Pi)\) is a Gauss sum, and \(\|f_\Pi\|\) denotes the Petersson norm of \(f_\Pi\), defined via the Tamagawa measure on \(\mathrm{GL}_2/F\). The main ingredients to the proof are: An explicit choice of Archimedean Whittaker function in the minimal \(\mathrm{SO}_3\)-type of \(\mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi\) due to \textit{T. Miyazaki} [Manuscr. Math. 128, No. 1, 107--135 (2009; Zbl 1158.22014)], which allows for normalizations of periods, and several rationality results for special values of the the following \(L\)-functions: the standard \(L\)-function \(L(s,\Pi)\) in the language of \textit{A. Raghuram} and \textit{N. Tanabe} [J. Ramanujan Math. Soc. 26, No. 3, 261--319 (2011; Zbl 1272.11069)]; the triple product \(L\)-function \(L(s,\Pi\times\Pi\times\Pi)\) due to \textit{P. B. Garrett} and \textit{M. Harris} [Am. J. Math. 115, No. 1, 161--240 (1993; Zbl 0776.11027)]; the Rankin-Selberg \(L\)-function \(L(s,\mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi\times \Pi)\) due to \textit{A. Raghuram} [Forum Math. 28, No. 3, 457--489 (2016; Zbl 1417.11082)]; the Rankin-Selberg \(L\)-function \(L(s, \mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi\times (\mathrm{Sym}^2\Pi)^\vee)\) by \textit{B. Balasubramanyam} and \textit{A. Raghuram} [Am. J. Math. 139, No. 3, 641--679 (2017; Zbl 1498.11138)]. The rationality results for the latter two \(L\)-functions are refined by the author in his Theorems 4.11 and 5.5, by completing the Archimedean period computations. These may be considered the main contribution of the paper.