Existence of positive solutions for periodic boundary value problems of second-order impulsive differential equation with derivative in the nonlinearity (Q2239368)

The paper explores the existence of positive solutions of a periodic boundary value problem of a second-order impulsive differential equation \[ \begin{cases} -u''+\rho^2 u = f(t,u,u'), t\in J',\\ -\Delta u'|_{t=t_k} = I_k (u(t_k)), k=1,2,\dots, m,\\ u(0)=u(2\pi), u'(0)=u'(2\pi), \end{cases} \] where \(J=[0,2\pi]\), \(J'=J\setminus\{t_1,t_2,\dots,t_m\}\). The paper studies the Green's function and its inequalities and properties for the above boundary value problem and establishes the equivalence of solutions to the BVP and the fixed points of an integral operator. Under different superlinear or sublinear conditions of \(f\), the authors investigates the fixed point index of the operator on defined cones and establish existence of positive solutions of the boundary value problem. Examples are provided to illustrate the applicability of the main results.