Some explicit formulas for partial sums of Möbius functions (Q2240420)

Let \(q,a\) be co-prime integers and put \[ M^*(x;q,a)= \sum_{\substack{n\le x\\ n\equiv a\bmod q}}\mu(n), \] where in the case when \(x\) is an integer congruent to \(a\) mod \(q\) the last summand acquires the factor \(1/2\). The author presents an explicit formula for \(M^*(x;q,a)\) involving zeros of Dirichlet's \(L\)-functions \(L(s,\chi)\) for all characters \(\chi\) mod \(q\). This is a generalization of a formula obtained by \textit{K. M. Bartz} [Acta Arith. 57, No. 4, 295--305 (1991; Zbl 0703.11044)] in the case \(q=a=1\), which has been deduced from Riemann Hypothesis and the conjectured simplicity of zeros of \(\zeta(s)\) by \textit{E. C. Titchmarsh} [The theory of the Riemann zeta-function. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press (1951; Zbl 0042.07901)]. As a consequence it is shown (Theorem 3) that the bound \[ M^*(x;q,a) \ll_q x^{1/2}\log^ax \] with \[ a = \max\{5/4,m(q)-1\} \] (where \(m(q)\) is the maximal value of the multiplicity of a zero at \(s=1\) of \(L(s,\chi)\) for \(\chi\) mod \(q\)) follows from the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis for \(L(s,\chi)\), the presumed simplicity of zeros \(\rho=\gamma +i/2\) of \(L(s,\chi)\) except for \(\rho=1/2\) and the conjectured bound \[\sum_{0<|\gamma|\le T}|L'(\rho,\chi)^{-1}\ll_q T\log^{1/4}T.\tag{1}\] The bound (1) is a particular case of the generalization of the Gonek-Hejhal conjecture [Number theory, trace formulas, and discrete groups. Symposium in Honor of Atle Selberg, Oslo, Norway, July 14-21, 1987. Boston, MA: Academic Press, Inc. (1989; Zbl 0661.00005); \textit{S. M. Gonek}, Mathematika 36, No. 1, 71--88 (1989; Zbl 0673.10032)] to the case of \(L\)-functions, formulated by the author in the following form: If all zeros \(\rho=\gamma +\frac12t\) of Dirichlet \(L\)-functions are simple except for the zero at \(s=1/2\), then for all \(\lambda>-3/2\) one has \[ \sum_{0<|\gamma|\le T}|L'(\rho,\chi)|^{2\lambda} = O_{\lambda,q}\left(T^{(\lambda+1)^2}T\right). \]