Nonnegative and strictly positive linearization of Jacobi and generalized Chebyshev polynomials (Q2243881)

In the paper the Jacobi polynomials \[ R_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n\frac{(-n)_k(n+\alpha+\beta+1)_k} {(\alpha+ 1)_k}\frac{(1-x)^k}{2^kk!}, \] where \(\alpha,\beta>-1\) and the generalized Chebyshev polynomials \(T_{2n}^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)=R_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(2x^2-1)\), \(T_{2n+1}^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)=xR_n^{(\alpha,\beta+1)}(2x^2-1)\) are considered. The author investigates the sign of the linearization coefficients of the following equality \[ R_{m}^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)R_{n}^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)=\sum_{k=|m-n|}^{m+n}g_R(m,n;k) R_{k}^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x). \] Theorem 2.1 states that the following statements are equivalent: (i) All \(g_R(m,n;k)\) are positive; (ii) \((\alpha,\beta)\) are such that \(a^2+2b^2+3a>3\frac{(a+1)(a+2)} {(a+3)(a+5)}b^2\) and \(b>0\), where \(a=\alpha+\beta+1\), \(b=\alpha-\beta\). Theorem 3.1 proves a similar result for linearization coefficients \(g_T(m,n;k)\) of the product of the generalized Chebyshev polynomials \(T_{n}^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)\) (\(\alpha,\beta>-1\)). The following affirmations are equivalent: (i) For all \(m,n\in\mathbb N_0\) such that at least one of these numbers is odd, all linearization coefficients \(g_T(m,n;k)\) are nonnegative; (ii) \((\alpha,\beta)\in V':=\{a^2+2b^2+ 3a\ge0, b\ge0\}\). If \((\alpha,\beta)\in V'\setminus\{\alpha\ge|\beta+1/2|-1/2\}\) and \(m,n\in \mathbb N_0\) are such that at least one of these numbers is odd, and if \(k\in\{|m-n|,\dotsc,m +n\}\) is such that \(m + n - k\) is even, then \(g_T (m, n; k)\) is positive.