Robustness of a weaker notion of exponential dichotomy (Q2249217)

Let \(B(X)\) be the space of bounded linear operators in a Banach space \(X\). Denote \[ A(m,n)=\begin{cases} A_{m-1}\cdots A_n & \text{if } m>n, \\ \mathrm{Id} & \text{if } m=n, \end{cases} \] where \((A_m)_{m\in\mathbb{Z}}\subset B(X)\). We say that the sequence \((A_m)_{m\in\mathbb{Z}}\) admits a \textit{nonuniform dichotomy} if: {\parindent=0.5cm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] there exist decompositions \(X=E_m\bigoplus F_m\) for each \(m\in\mathbb{Z}\) satisfying \(A(m,n)E_n=E_m\) and \(A(m,n)F_n=F_m\) for \(m\geq n\), such that the map \(\overline{A}(m,n):=A(m,n)|F_n: F_n\to F_m\) is invertible for each \(m\geq n\); \item[(2)] there exist constants \(\lambda\), \(D>0\), and \(a\geq0\) such that \[ \|A(m,n)y\|\leq D\exp(-\lambda(m-n)+a|n|)\|y\|,\;\;m\geq n, \;y\in E_n, \] \[ \|A(m,n)z\|\leq D\exp(-\lambda(n-m)+a|n|)\|z\|,\;\;n\geq m, \;z\in F_n, \] using the notation \(A(m,n)=\overline{A}(m,n)^{-1}|F_n\) for each \(m\leq n\). \end{itemize}} This notion allows the contraction and expansion along the stable and unstable subspaces to be nonuniform and requires nothing from the angles between these subspaces. Let \(P_m\) and \(Q_m=\mathrm{Id}-P_m\) be the projections associated to the decomposition \(X=E_m\bigoplus F_m\). The authors establish the robustness of the nonuniform dichotomy: Let \((A_m)_{m\in\mathbb{Z}}\) be a sequence admitting a nonuniform dichotomy with \(\lambda>2a>0\), and let \((B_m)_{m\in\mathbb{Z}}\) be a sequence such that \[ \|B_m\|\leq\delta\frac{\exp(-2a|m+1|)}{\|P_{m+1}\|+\|Q_{m+1}\|},\;\;m\in\mathbb{Z}. \] If \(\delta\) is sufficiently small, then the sequence \((A_m+B_m)_{m\in\mathbb{Z}}\) admits a nonuniform dichotomy with the same constants \(\lambda\) and \(a\).