Determination of conjugate means by reducing to the generalized Matkowski-Sütő equation (Q2250811)

Let \(I\subset\mathbb{R}\) be an interval of positive length. A function \(M:I\times I\to\mathbb{R}\) is called a mean on \(I\) if \(\min\{x,y\}\leq M(x,y)\leq\max\{x,y\}\) for all \(x,y\in I\). The weighted quasi-arithmetic mean \(A_{\mu}^{\psi}: I\times I\to\mathbb{R}\) is defined by the formula \[ A_{\mu}^{\psi}(x,y)=\psi^{-1}\left(\mu \psi(x)+(1-\mu)\psi(y)\right) \qquad (x,y\in I) \] where \(\psi: I\to\mathbb{R}\) is a continuous strictly monotonic function and \(\mu \in {}]0,1[\) is a fixed number. If \(M\) is a mean on \(I, \, p,q\in [0,1]\) are fixed, and \(\varphi : I\to\mathbb{R}\) is a continuous strictly monotonic function then the function given by \[ (x,y)\mapsto \varphi^{-1}\left(p \varphi(x)+q\varphi(y)+(1-p-q) \varphi \left(M(x,y)\right)\right) \qquad (x,y\in I)\leqno (1) \] is, again, a mean on \(I\). This mean is the so-called conjugate mean of order \((p,q)\) generated by \(\varphi\) and derived from \(M\). In the paper, all the weighted quasi-arithmetic conjugate means derived from an arbitrary weighted quasi-arithmetic mean are determined, that is, for any weighted quasi-arithmetic mean \(M\), all the numbers \(p,q\in [0,1]\), and continuous strictly monotonic functions \(\varphi: I\to\mathbb{R}\) are determined such that the mean given by (1) is a weighted quasi-arithmetic mean again.