Some \(s\)-numbers of embeddings in function spaces with polynomial weights (Q2251918)

Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be complex quasi-Banach spaces and \(\mathcal{L}(X,Y)\) the class of all linear continuous operators \(T:X\to Y\) with the norm \(\|T\|\). Let \(k\in\mathbb N:=\{1,2,\dots\}\) and \(T\in \mathcal{L}(X,Y)\). Then the \(k\)th Kolmogorov number of the operator \(T\) is defined by \[ d_k(T):=\inf\left\{\|Q_N^Y T\|:N\subset Y,\;\dim(N)<k\right\}, \] where the infimum is taken over all closed subspaces \(N\) of \(Y\) with \(\dim(N)<k\) and \(Q_N^Y\) is the natural surjection of \(Y\) onto the quotient space \(Y/N\). For \(\alpha\in(0,\infty)\), let \(w_\alpha\) be a polynomial weight, defined by setting, for all \(x\in\mathbb R^n\), \(w_{\alpha}(x):=(1+|x|^2)^{\alpha/2}\). Let \(p,\,q\in(0,\infty]\) and \(s\in\mathbb R\). Then the weighted Besov space \(B_{p,q}^s(\mathbb R^d,w_\alpha)\) is defined to be the collection of all tempered distributions \(f\in \mathcal{S}'(\mathbb R^d)\) such that \(fw_{\alpha}\in B_{p,q}^s(\mathbb R^d)\), equipped with the quasi-norm \[ \left\|f|B_{p,q}^s(\mathbb R^d,w_\alpha)\right\| :=\left\|fw_\alpha|B_{p,q}^s(\mathbb R^d)\right\|, \] where \(B_{p,q}^s(\mathbb R^d)\) denotes the classical Besov space on the \(d\)-dimensional Euclidean space \(\mathbb R^d\). Let \(d_k\) be the \(k\)th Kolmogorov number of the embedding \[ B_{p_1,q_1}^{s_1}(\mathbb R^d,w_\alpha)\hookrightarrow B_{p_2,q_2}^{s_2}(\mathbb R^d,w_\alpha). \] In this paper, the authors investigate the asymptotic behavior of the Kolmogorov number of Sobolev embeddings in weighted function spaces of Besov type spaces with polynomial weights. Precisely, the authors establish the following conclusions. Let \(\alpha\in(0,\infty)\), \(\delta\in\mathbb R\), \(\delta\neq \alpha\), \(0<p_1\leq \infty\), \(0<p_2\leq\infty\), \(\theta:=\frac{1/p_1-1/p_2}{1/2-1/p_2}\) and \(\widetilde p:=\frac 1{\mu/d+1/p_1}\), where \(\mu:=\min(\alpha,\delta)\). Suppose that \(0<p_1\leq p_2\leq \infty\) or \(\widetilde{p}<p_2<p_1\leq \infty\). Then there exists a positive constant \(C\) such that \[ C^{-1}k^{-\gamma}\leq d_k\leq Ck^{-\gamma}, \] where (i) \(\gamma=\frac{\mu}d\) if \(0<p_1\leq p_2\leq2\) or \(2<p_1=p_2\leq\infty\); (ii) \(\gamma=\frac \mu d+\frac 1{p_1}-\frac 1{p_2}\) if \(\widetilde{p}<p_2<p_1\leq\infty\); (iii) \(\gamma=\frac\mu d+\frac12-\frac1{p_2}\) if \(0<p_1<2<p_2\leq\infty\) and \(\mu>\frac d{p_2}\); (iv) \(\gamma=\frac{\mu p_2}{2d}\) if \(0<p_1<2<p_2<\infty\) and \(\mu<\frac d{p_2}\); (v) \(\gamma=\frac\mu d+\frac1{p_1}-\frac1{p_2}\) if \(2\leq p_1<p_2\leq\infty\) and \(\mu>\frac d{p_2}\theta\); (vi) \(\gamma=\frac{\mu p_2}{2d}\) if \(2\leq p_1<p_2<\infty\) and \(\mu<\frac{d}{p_2}\theta\). Some similar results for the Gelfand and the Weyl numbers on weighted function spaces of Besov type spaces, with polynomial weights, are also obtained in this paper. Moreover, the authors study the asymptotic behavior of the Kolmogorov, the Gelfand and the Weyl numbers of Sobolev embeddings in weighted function spaces of Triebel-Lizorkin type spaces with polynomial weights.