Collective excitations of Bose gases in the mean-field regime (Q2255379)

The paper aims to develop a rigorous justification for Bogoliubov's theory applied to a system of \(N\) interacting bosons in one- and two-dimensional settings. Usually, the Bogoliubov equations are derived for low-energy excitations around the Hartree state, which assumes that all the bosons sit in a single eigenstate. The authors produce a formal proof of the validity of the Bogoliubov's equations for high-energy excitations, which cannot be described by the usual quadratic Hamiltonian. The proof is also extended for non-unique Hartree states -- in particular, to the case of vortices in which \(N\) is large enough to break the axial symmetry and produce multiple quantized vortices.